Venue Templates

% NIH Specific Aims Page Template
% THE MOST CRITICAL PAGE OF YOUR NIH PROPOSAL
% 1 page maximum - strictly enforced
% Last updated: 2024

\documentclass[11pt,letterpaper]{article}

% Formatting
\usepackage[margin=0.5in]{geometry}  % 0.5 inch minimum margins
\usepackage{helvet}  % Arial-like font
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}

\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{soul}  % For highlighting (remove in final version)

% Remove page numbers (optional)
\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{document}

% Optional: Highlight template text to remind yourself to replace
% Remove \hl{} and color in final version
\definecolor{highlight}{RGB}{255,255,200}
\sethlcolor{highlight}

% ====================
% SPECIFIC AIMS PAGE
% ====================

\begin{center}
\textbf{\large Your Project Title Here: Concise and Descriptive}
\end{center}

\vspace{0.3cm}

% OPENING PARAGRAPH: The Hook and Gap
% 2-3 sentences establishing significance and the knowledge gap

\textbf{[Disease/condition]} affects \textbf{[number]} people worldwide and results in \textbf{[burden: mortality, morbidity, cost]}. \textbf{[Current treatment/understanding]} has improved outcomes, but \textbf{[limitation/gap]} remains a critical barrier to \textbf{[desired outcome]}. Understanding \textbf{[specific mechanism/relationship]} is essential for \textbf{[future advance: therapy, prevention, diagnosis]}.

\vspace{0.2cm}

% LONG-TERM GOAL
% 1 sentence on your overarching research vision

Our \textbf{long-term goal} is to \textbf{[overarching vision: develop cure, understand mechanism, improve treatment]} for \textbf{[disease/population]}. 

\vspace{0.2cm}

% OBJECTIVE AND CENTRAL HYPOTHESIS
% 1-2 sentences on what THIS proposal will accomplish

The \textbf{objective} of this proposal is to \textbf{[specific objective for this project]}. Our \textbf{central hypothesis} is that \textbf{[clearly stated, testable hypothesis]}.

\vspace{0.2cm}

% RATIONALE
% 2-3 sentences explaining WHY you expect success (preliminary data!)

This hypothesis is based on our \textbf{preliminary data} showing that \textbf{[key preliminary finding 1]} and \textbf{[key preliminary finding 2]}. These findings suggest that \textbf{[mechanistic explanation or expected outcome]}.

\vspace{0.2cm}

% TRANSITION TO AIMS
% 1 sentence introducing the specific aims

To test this hypothesis and achieve our objective, we will pursue the following \textbf{Specific Aims}:

\vspace{0.3cm}

% ====================
% SPECIFIC AIM 1
% ====================

\noindent\textbf{Specific Aim 1: [Concise, active verb title describing what you'll do].}

\textit{Working Hypothesis:} \hl{State testable hypothesis for this aim.}

We will \textbf{[approach/method]} to determine \textbf{[what you'll learn]}. We will use \textbf{[model system/approach]} to test whether \textbf{[specific prediction]}. 

\textbf{Expected Outcome:} We expect to find that \textbf{[predicted result]}. This outcome will demonstrate that \textbf{[significance of finding]} and will be \textbf{[positive/negative/innovative/transformative]} because \textbf{[why it matters]}.

\vspace{0.3cm}

% ====================
% SPECIFIC AIM 2
% ====================

\noindent\textbf{Specific Aim 2: [Title of second aim].}

\textit{Working Hypothesis:} \hl{Testable hypothesis for Aim 2.}

Building on Aim 1, we will \textbf{[approach]} to \textbf{[objective]}. We will employ \textbf{[method/technique]} in \textbf{[model/population]} to test the hypothesis that \textbf{[specific prediction]}.

\textbf{Expected Outcome:} These studies will reveal \textbf{[predicted finding]}. This is significant because \textbf{[impact on field/understanding]}.

\vspace{0.3cm}

% ====================
% SPECIFIC AIM 3 (OPTIONAL)
% ====================

\noindent\textbf{Specific Aim 3: [Title of third aim].}

\textit{Working Hypothesis:} \hl{Testable hypothesis for Aim 3.}

To translate findings from Aims 1-2, we will \textbf{[approach]} to determine \textbf{[translational objective]}. We will \textbf{[method]} using \textbf{[clinically relevant model/patient samples]} to test whether \textbf{[translational prediction]}.

\textbf{Expected Outcome:} We anticipate that \textbf{[result]}, which will provide \textbf{[proof-of-concept/validation/mechanism]} for \textbf{[therapeutic/diagnostic/preventive strategy]}.

\vspace{0.3cm}

% ====================
% PAYOFF PARAGRAPH
% ====================

% 2-3 sentences on IMPACT, INNOVATION, and FUTURE DIRECTIONS

\textbf{Impact and Innovation:} This project is \textbf{innovative} because it \textbf{[novel aspect: new concept, method, approach, application]}. The proposed research is \textbf{significant} because it will \textbf{[advance the field by...]} and will ultimately lead to \textbf{[long-term impact: improved treatment, new therapeutic target, diagnostic tool]}. Upon completion of these studies, we will be positioned to \textbf{[next steps: clinical trial, mechanistic studies, therapeutic development]}.

\vspace{0.5cm}

% ====================
% ALTERNATIVE STRUCTURE (if preferred)
% ====================

% Some successful Specific Aims pages use this alternative structure:
% - Open with hook (same as above)
% - State long-term goal and objective (same)
% - Present central hypothesis with 2-3 supporting pieces of preliminary data
% - Then state: "We will test this hypothesis through three Specific Aims:"
% - List aims more concisely (1-2 sentences each, plus expected outcome)
% - Conclude with payoff paragraph emphasizing innovation, significance, impact

\end{document}

% ====================
% TIPS FOR WRITING SPECIFIC AIMS
% ====================

% 1. START WITH A HOOK
%    - Open with the big picture: disease burden, societal cost, mortality
%    - Use compelling statistics
%    - Make it clear why anyone should care

% 2. IDENTIFY THE GAP
%    - What's currently known?
%    - What's the critical barrier or unknown?
%    - Why does it matter?

% 3. STATE YOUR HYPOTHESIS EXPLICITLY
%    - Clear, testable hypothesis
%    - Not "We hypothesize that we will study..." (that's not a hypothesis!)
%    - "We hypothesize that [mechanism] causes [outcome]"

% 4. SHOW PRELIMINARY DATA
%    - Demonstrate feasibility
%    - Prove you're not starting from scratch
%    - Build confidence in your approach

% 5. THREE AIMS (TYPICALLY)
%    - Can be 2 or 4, but 3 is most common
%    - Aims should be related but somewhat independent
%    - Failure of one aim shouldn't sink the whole project
%    - Aims can build on each other (Aim 1 → Aim 2 → Aim 3)

% 6. EACH AIM SHOULD HAVE:
%    - Clear title (active verb)
%    - Working hypothesis
%    - Approach/method
%    - Expected outcome
%    - Significance/impact

% 7. END WITH PAYOFF
%    - Innovation: What's new/different?
%    - Significance: Why does it matter?
%    - Impact: What will change?
%    - Future: Where does this lead?

% 8. COMMON MISTAKES TO AVOID
%    - Too much background (this is not a mini-review)
%    - Vague hypotheses or objectives
%    - Missing expected outcomes
%    - No preliminary data mentioned
%    - Too ambitious (can't do it all in 5 years)
%    - Not addressing innovation and significance
%    - Poor logical flow between aims
%    - Exceeding 1 page (auto-reject!)

% 9. FORMATTING RULES (STRICTLY ENFORCED)
%    - 1 page maximum (including all text, no figures typically)
%    - Arial 11pt minimum (or equivalent)
%    - 0.5 inch margins minimum
%    - Any spacing (single, 1.5, double acceptable)
%    - No smaller fonts allowed (even for superscripts/subscripts)

% 10. REVISION STRATEGY
%    - Write, get feedback, revise 10+ times
%    - Every word must earn its place
%    - Test on non-specialist colleagues
%    - Read aloud to check flow
%    - Have it reviewed by successful R01 holders
%    - Mock study section review

% ====================
% EXAMPLES OF STRONG OPENING SENTENCES
% ====================

% DISEASE BURDEN APPROACH:
% "Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects 6.7 million Americans and will cost $345 billion in 2023, 
% yet no disease-modifying therapies exist."

% MECHANISTIC GAP APPROACH:
% "Despite decades of research, the molecular mechanisms driving metastasis remain poorly understood, 
% limiting our ability to develop effective therapies for the 90% of cancer deaths caused by metastatic disease."

% TRANSLATIONAL APPROACH:
% "Current immunotherapies fail in 70% of patients with melanoma, largely because we cannot predict 
% who will respond, highlighting an urgent need for biomarkers of treatment response."

% ====================
% REMEMBER
% ====================

% The Specific Aims page is often the ONLY page reviewers read carefully before 
% forming their initial opinion. A weak Specific Aims page can doom an otherwise 
% excellent proposal. Invest the time to make it compelling, clear, and concise.

% Get feedback from:
% - Successful R01 awardees in your field
% - Grant writing office at your institution
% - Colleagues who've served on NIH study sections
% - Non-specialists (if they can't understand it, reviewers may struggle too)

% NSF Research Proposal Template
% For NSF Standard Grant Proposals
% Last updated: 2024
% Based on NSF PAPPG (Proposal & Award Policies & Procedures Guide)

\documentclass[11pt,letterpaper]{article}

% Required formatting
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}  % 1 inch margins required
\usepackage{times}  % Times Roman font (11pt minimum)
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{cite}
\usepackage{hyperref}

% Single spacing (NSF allows single spacing)
\usepackage{setspace}
\singlespacing

% Page numbers
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhf{}
\rhead{\thepage}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}

\begin{document}

% ====================
% PROJECT SUMMARY (1 page maximum)
% ====================

\section*{Project Summary}

\subsection*{Overview}
Provide a concise 1-2 paragraph description of the proposed research. This should be understandable to a scientifically literate reader who is not a specialist in your field.

\subsection*{Intellectual Merit}
Describe how the project advances knowledge within its field and across different fields. Address:
\begin{itemize}
    \item How the project advances understanding in the field
    \item Innovative aspects of the research
    \item Qualifications of the research team
    \item Adequacy of resources
\end{itemize}

\subsection*{Broader Impacts}
Describe the potential benefits to society and contributions to desired societal outcomes. Address one or more of the following:
\begin{itemize}
    \item Advancing discovery and understanding while promoting teaching and learning
    \item Broadening participation of underrepresented groups in STEM
    \item Disseminating broadly to enhance scientific and technological understanding
    \item Benefits to society (economic development, health, quality of life, national security, etc.)
    \item Developing the scientific workforce and enhancing research infrastructure
\end{itemize}

\newpage

% ====================
% PROJECT DESCRIPTION (15 pages maximum)
% ====================

\section*{Project Description}

\section{Introduction and Background}
\subsection{Current State of Knowledge}
Provide context for your proposed research. Review relevant literature and establish what is currently known in the field.

\subsection{Knowledge Gap}
Clearly identify the gap in current knowledge or understanding that your project will address. Explain why this gap is significant.

\subsection{Preliminary Work and Feasibility}
Describe any preliminary work that demonstrates the feasibility of your approach. Highlight your team's qualifications and prior accomplishments.

\section{Research Objectives and Hypotheses}
\subsection{Overall Goal}
State the overarching long-term goal of your research program.

\subsection{Specific Objectives}
List 2-4 specific, measurable objectives for this project:
\begin{enumerate}
    \item \textbf{Objective 1:} Clearly stated objective
    \item \textbf{Objective 2:} Second objective
    \item \textbf{Objective 3:} Third objective
\end{enumerate}

\subsection{Hypotheses}
State your testable hypotheses explicitly.

\section{Research Plan}
\subsection{Objective 1: [Title]}
\subsubsection{Rationale}
Explain why this objective is important and how it addresses the knowledge gap.

\subsubsection{Approach and Methods}
Describe in detail how you will accomplish this objective. Include:
\begin{itemize}
    \item Experimental design or computational approach
    \item Methods and procedures
    \item Data collection and analysis
    \item Controls and validation
\end{itemize}

\subsubsection{Expected Outcomes}
Describe what results you expect and how they will advance the field.

\subsubsection{Potential Challenges and Alternatives}
Identify potential obstacles and describe alternative approaches.

\subsection{Objective 2: [Title]}
[Repeat same structure as Objective 1]

\subsection{Objective 3: [Title]}
[Repeat same structure as Objective 1]

\section{Timeline and Milestones}
Provide a detailed timeline showing when each objective will be addressed:

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|l|p{3cm}|p{3cm}|p{3cm}|}
\hline
\textbf{Activity} & \textbf{Year 1} & \textbf{Year 2} & \textbf{Year 3} \\
\hline
Objective 1 activities & Months 1-6: ... & & \\
\hline
Objective 2 activities & Months 7-12: ... & Months 13-18: ... & \\
\hline
Objective 3 activities & & Months 19-24: ... & Months 25-36: ... \\
\hline
Publications & & Submit paper 1 & Submit papers 2-3 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\section{Broader Impacts}
\textit{Note: Broader Impacts must be substantive, not perfunctory. Integrate throughout proposal.}

\subsection{Educational Activities}
Describe specific educational activities integrated with the research:
\begin{itemize}
    \item Curriculum development
    \item Training of graduate and undergraduate students
    \item K-12 outreach programs
    \item Public science communication
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Broadening Participation}
Describe concrete efforts to broaden participation of underrepresented groups:
\begin{itemize}
    \item Recruitment strategies
    \item Mentoring programs
    \item Partnerships with minority-serving institutions
    \item Measurable outcomes
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Dissemination and Outreach}
Describe plans for broad dissemination:
\begin{itemize}
    \item Open-access publications
    \item Data and code sharing (repositories, licenses)
    \item Conference presentations and workshops
    \item Public engagement activities
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Societal Benefits}
Explain potential benefits to society:
\begin{itemize}
    \item Economic development
    \item Health and quality of life improvements
    \item Environmental sustainability
    \item National security (if applicable)
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Assessment of Broader Impacts}
Describe how you will measure the success of broader impacts activities. Include specific, measurable outcomes.

\section{Results from Prior NSF Support}
\textit{Required if PI or co-PI has received NSF funding in the past 5 years}

\subsection{Award Title and Number}
Award Number: NSF-XXXXX, Amount: \$XXX,XXX, Period: MM/YY - MM/YY

\subsection{Intellectual Merit}
Summarize research accomplishments and findings from prior award.

\subsection{Broader Impacts}
Describe broader impacts activities and outcomes from prior award.

\subsection{Publications}
List publications resulting from prior NSF support (up to 5 most significant):
\begin{enumerate}
    \item Author, A.A., et al. (Year). Title. \textit{Journal}, vol(issue), pages.
\end{enumerate}

\newpage

% ====================
% REFERENCES CITED (No page limit)
% ====================

\section*{References Cited}

\begin{thebibliography}{99}

\bibitem{ref1}
Author, A.A., \& Author, B.B. (2023). Article title. \textit{Journal Name}, \textit{45}(3), 123-145.

\bibitem{ref2}
Author, C.C., Author, D.D., \& Author, E.E. (2022). Book title. Publisher.

\bibitem{ref3}
Author, F.F., et al. (2021). Another article. \textit{Nature}, \textit{590}, 234-238.

% Add more references as needed

\end{thebibliography}

\newpage

% ====================
% BUDGET JUSTIFICATION (3-5 pages typical)
% Note: Budget is submitted separately in NSF's systems
% This justifies the budget requests
% ====================

\section*{Budget Justification}

\subsection*{A. Senior Personnel}
\textbf{PI Name (X\% academic year, Y summer months):} Justify percent effort and role in project. Summer salary calculated as X/9 of academic year salary.

\textbf{Co-PI Name (X\% academic year):} Justify role and effort.

\subsection*{B. Other Personnel}
\textbf{Postdoctoral Researcher (1.0 FTE, Years 1-3):} Justify need for postdoc, qualifications required, and role in project. Salary: \$XX,XXX/year.

\textbf{Graduate Student (2 students, Years 1-3):} Justify need, training opportunities, and project contributions. Stipend: \$XX,XXX/year per student.

\textbf{Undergraduate Researchers (2 students/year):} Describe research training opportunities. Hourly wage: \$XX/hour.

\subsection*{C. Fringe Benefits}
List fringe benefit rates for each personnel category as determined by institution.

\subsection*{D. Equipment (\$5,000+)}
\textbf{Instrument Name (\$XX,XXX):} Justify need, explain why existing equipment inadequate, describe how it enables proposed research.

\subsection*{E. Travel}
\textbf{Domestic Conference Travel (\$X,XXX/year):} Justify conference attendance for dissemination (1-2 conferences/year for PI and students).

\textbf{Field Work Travel (\$X,XXX):} If applicable, justify field site visits.

\subsection*{F. Participant Support Costs}
\textit{If hosting workshop, summer program, etc.}

Stipends, travel, and per diem for XX participants attending [workshop/program name].

\subsection*{G. Other Direct Costs}
\textbf{Materials and Supplies (\$X,XXX/year):} Itemize major categories (e.g., chemicals, consumables, software licenses).

\textbf{Publication Costs (\$X,XXX):} Budget for open-access publication fees (estimate X papers @ \$X,XXX each).

\textbf{Subaward to Partner Institution (\$XX,XXX):} Justify collaboration and subaward amount.

\textbf{Other:} Justify any other costs.

\subsection*{H. Indirect Costs}
Calculated at XX\% of Modified Total Direct Costs (institution's negotiated rate).

\newpage

% ====================
% DATA MANAGEMENT PLAN (2 pages maximum)
% ====================

\section*{Data Management Plan}

\subsection*{Types of Data}
Describe the types of data to be generated by the project:
\begin{itemize}
    \item Experimental data (e.g., measurements, observations)
    \item Computational data (e.g., simulation results, models)
    \item Metadata describing data collection and processing
\end{itemize}

\subsection*{Data and Metadata Standards}
Describe standards to be used for data format and metadata:
\begin{itemize}
    \item File formats (e.g., HDF5, NetCDF, CSV)
    \item Metadata standards (e.g., Dublin Core, domain-specific standards)
    \item Documentation of data collection and processing
\end{itemize}

\subsection*{Policies for Access and Sharing}
Describe how data will be made accessible:
\begin{itemize}
    \item Repository for data deposition (e.g., Dryad, Zenodo, domain-specific archive)
    \item Timeline for public release (immediately upon publication, or within X months)
    \item Access restrictions (if any) and justification
    \item Embargo periods (if applicable)
\end{itemize}

\subsection*{Policies for Re-use, Redistribution}
Describe terms for re-use:
\begin{itemize}
    \item Licensing (e.g., CC0, CC-BY, specific data use agreement)
    \item Attribution requirements
    \item Restrictions on commercial use (if any)
\end{itemize}

\subsection*{Plans for Archiving and Preservation}
Describe long-term preservation strategy:
\begin{itemize}
    \item Repository selection (long-term, stable repositories)
    \item Preservation period (minimum 3-5 years post-project)
    \item Data formats for long-term preservation
    \item Institutional commitments
\end{itemize}

\subsection*{Roles and Responsibilities}
Identify who is responsible for data management implementation.

\end{document}

% ====================
% ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS (submitted separately in NSF system)
% ====================

% 1. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH (3 pages per person)
%    - Use NSF-approved format (SciENcv or NSF template)
%    - Professional preparation
%    - Appointments
%    - Products (up to 5 most relevant, up to 5 other significant)
%    - Synergistic activities

% 2. CURRENT AND PENDING SUPPORT
%    - All current and pending support for all senior personnel
%    - Use NSF format
%    - Check for overlap with proposed project

% 3. FACILITIES, EQUIPMENT, AND OTHER RESOURCES
%    - Describe available facilities and equipment
%    - Computational resources
%    - Laboratory space
%    - Other resources supporting the project

% ====================
% FORMATTING CHECKLIST
% ====================

% ☐ Margins: 1 inch on all sides
% ☐ Font: Times Roman 11pt or larger (or equivalent)
% ☐ Line spacing: Single spacing acceptable
% ☐ Project Summary: 1 page, includes Overview, Intellectual Merit, Broader Impacts
% ☐ Project Description: 15 pages maximum
% ☐ References Cited: No page limit, consistent formatting
% ☐ Biographical Sketches: 3 pages per person, NSF-approved format
% ☐ Budget Justification: Detailed and reasonable
% ☐ Data Management Plan: 2 pages maximum
% ☐ Current & Pending: Complete and accurate
% ☐ Facilities: Adequate resources described
% ☐ Broader Impacts: Substantive and integrated throughout
% ☐ All required sections included

% ====================
% SUBMISSION NOTES
% ====================

% 1. Submit through Research.gov or Grants.gov
% 2. Follow your institution's internal deadlines (usually 3-5 days before NSF deadline)
% 3. Obtain institutional approval before submission
% 4. Ensure all senior personnel have NSF IDs
% 5. Budget prepared in NSF's system (separate from this document)
% 6. Check program-specific requirements (may differ from standard grant)
% 7. Contact Program Officer for guidance (encouraged but not required)

% Nature Journal Article Template
% For submission to Nature family journals
% Last updated: 2024

\documentclass[12pt]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage[margin=2.5cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{times}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{lineno}  % Line numbers for review
\usepackage[super]{natbib}  % Superscript citations

% Line numbering (required for submission)
\linenumbers

% Title and Authors
\title{Insert Your Title Here: Concise and Descriptive}

\author{
First Author\textsuperscript{1}, Second Author\textsuperscript{1,2}, Third Author\textsuperscript{2,*}
}

\date{}

\begin{document}

\maketitle

% Affiliations
\noindent
\textsuperscript{1}Department Name, Institution Name, City, State/Province, Postal Code, Country \\
\textsuperscript{2}Second Department/Institution \\
\textsuperscript{*}Correspondence: [email protected]

% Abstract
\begin{abstract}
\noindent
Write a concise abstract of 150-200 words summarizing the main findings, significance, and conclusions of your work. The abstract should be self-contained and understandable without reading the full paper. Focus on what you did, what you found, and why it matters. Avoid jargon and abbreviations where possible.
\end{abstract}

% Main Text
\section*{Introduction}
% 2-3 paragraphs setting the context
Provide background on the research area, establish the importance of the problem, and identify the knowledge gap your work addresses. Nature papers should emphasize broad significance beyond a narrow specialty.

State your main research question or objective clearly.

Briefly preview your approach and key findings.

\section*{Results}
% Primary results section
% Organize by finding, not by experiment
% Reference figures/tables as you describe results

\subsection*{First major finding}
Describe your first key result. Reference Figure~\ref{fig:example} to support your findings.

\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
% Include your figure here
% \includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{figure1.pdf}
\caption{{\bf Figure title in bold.} Detailed figure caption explaining what is shown, experimental conditions, sample sizes (n), statistical tests, and significance levels. Panels should be labeled (a), (b), etc. if multiple panels are present.}
\label{fig:example}
\end{figure}

\subsection*{Second major finding}
Describe your second key result objectively, without interpretation.

\subsection*{Third major finding}
Describe additional results as needed.

\section*{Discussion}
% Interpret results, compare to literature, acknowledge limitations

\subsection*{Main findings and interpretation}
Summarize your key findings and explain their significance. How do they advance our understanding?

\subsection*{Comparison to previous work}
Compare and contrast your results with existing literature\cite{example2023}.

\subsection*{Implications}
Discuss the broader implications of your work for the field and beyond.

\subsection*{Limitations and future directions}
Honestly acknowledge limitations and suggest future research directions.

\section*{Conclusions}
Provide a concise conclusion summarizing the main take-home messages of your work.

\section*{Methods}
% Detailed methods allowing reproducibility
% Can be placed after main text in Nature

\subsection*{Experimental design}
Describe overall experimental design, including controls.

\subsection*{Sample preparation}
Detail procedures for sample collection, preparation, and handling.

\subsection*{Data collection}
Describe instrumentation, measurement procedures, and data collection protocols.

\subsection*{Data analysis}
Explain analytical methods, statistical tests, and software used. State sample sizes, replication, and significance thresholds.

\subsection*{Ethical approval}
Include relevant ethical approval statements (human subjects, animal use, biosafety).

\section*{Data availability}
State where data supporting the findings can be accessed (repository, supplementary files, available on request).

\section*{Code availability}
If applicable, provide information on code availability (GitHub, Zenodo, etc.).

\section*{Acknowledgements}
Acknowledge funding sources, technical assistance, and other contributions. List grant numbers.

\section*{Author contributions}
Describe contributions of each author using CRediT taxonomy or similar (conceptualization, methodology, investigation, writing, etc.).

\section*{Competing interests}
Declare any financial or non-financial competing interests. If none, state "The authors declare no competing interests."

% References
\bibliographystyle{naturemag}  % Nature bibliography style
\bibliography{references}  % Your .bib file

% Alternatively, manually format references:
\begin{thebibliography}{99}

\bibitem{example2023}
Smith, J. D., Jones, M. L. \& Williams, K. R. Groundbreaking discovery in the field. \textit{Nature} \textbf{600}, 123--130 (2023).

\bibitem{author2022}
Author, A. A. \& Coauthor, B. B. Another important paper. \textit{Nat. Methods} \textbf{19}, 456--

460 (2022).

% Add more references as needed

\end{thebibliography}

% Figure Legends (if not included with figures)
\section*{Figure Legends}

\textbf{Figure 1 | Figure title.} Comprehensive figure legend describing all panels, experimental conditions, sample sizes, and statistical analyses.

\textbf{Figure 2 | Second figure title.} Another detailed legend.

% Extended Data Figures (optional - supplementary figures)
\section*{Extended Data}

\textbf{Extended Data Figure 1 | Supplementary data title.} Description of supplementary figure supporting main findings.

\end{document}

% Notes for Authors:
% 1. Nature articles are typically ~3,000 words excluding Methods, References, Figure Legends
% 2. Use superscript numbered citations (1, 2, 3)
% 3. Figures should be high resolution (300+ dpi for photos, 1000 dpi for line art)
% 4. Submit figures as separate files (TIFF, EPS, or PDF)
% 5. Double-space the manuscript for review
% 6. Include line numbers using \linenumbers
% 7. Follow Nature's specific author guidelines for your target journal
% 8. Methods section can be quite detailed and placed after main text
% 9. Check word limits and specific requirements for your Nature family journal

% NeurIPS Conference Paper Template
% For submission to Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)
% Last updated: 2024
% Note: Use the official neurips_2024.sty file from the conference website

\documentclass{article}

% Required packages (neurips_2024.sty provides most formatting)
\usepackage{neurips_2024}  % Official NeurIPS style file (download from conference site)

% Recommended packages
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{algorithm}
\usepackage{algorithmic}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{url}
\usepackage{booktabs}  % For better tables
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{microtype}  % Improved typography

% Theorems, lemmas, etc.
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}
\newtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}
\newtheorem{proposition}{Proposition}
\newtheorem{corollary}{Corollary}
\newtheorem{definition}{Definition}

% Title and Authors
\title{Your Paper Title: Concise and Descriptive \\ (Maximum Two Lines)}

% Authors - ANONYMIZED for initial submission
% For initial submission (double-blind review):
\author{
  Anonymous Authors \\
  Anonymous Institution(s) \\
}

% For camera-ready version (after acceptance):
% \author{
%   First Author \\
%   Department of Computer Science \\
%   University Name \\
%   City, State, Postal Code \\
%   \texttt{first.author@university.edu} \\
%   \And
%   Second Author \\
%   Company/Institution Name \\
%   Address \\
%   \texttt{second.author@company.com} \\
%   \And
%   Third Author \\
%   Institution \\
%   \texttt{third.author@institution.edu}
% }

\begin{document}

\maketitle

\begin{abstract}
Write a concise abstract (150-250 words) summarizing your contributions. The abstract should clearly state: (1) the problem you address, (2) your approach/method, (3) key results/findings, and (4) significance/implications. Make it accessible to a broad machine learning audience.
\end{abstract}

\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}

Introduce the problem you're addressing and its significance in machine learning or AI. Motivate why this problem is important and challenging.

\subsection{Background and Motivation}
Provide necessary background for understanding your work. Explain the gap in current methods or knowledge.

\subsection{Contributions}
Clearly state your main contributions as a bulleted list:
\begin{itemize}
    \item First contribution: e.g., "We propose a novel architecture for..."
    \item Second contribution: e.g., "We provide theoretical analysis showing..."
    \item Third contribution: e.g., "We demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on..."
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Paper Organization}
Briefly describe the structure of the remainder of the paper.

\section{Related Work}
\label{sec:related}

Discuss relevant prior work and how your work differs. Organize by themes or approaches rather than chronologically. Be fair and accurate in describing others' work.

Cite key papers \cite{lecun2015deep, vaswani2017attention, devlin2019bert} and explain how your work builds upon or differs from them.

\section{Problem Formulation}
\label{sec:problem}

Formally define the problem you're solving. Include mathematical notation and definitions.

\subsection{Notation}
Define your notation clearly. For example:
\begin{itemize}
    \item $\mathcal{X}$: input space
    \item $\mathcal{Y}$: output space
    \item $f: \mathcal{X} \rightarrow \mathcal{Y}$: function to learn
    \item $\mathcal{D} = \{(x_i, y_i)\}_{i=1}^n$: training dataset
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Objective}
State your learning objective formally, e.g.:
\begin{equation}
\min_{\theta} \mathbb{E}_{(x,y) \sim \mathcal{D}} \left[ \mathcal{L}(f_\theta(x), y) \right]
\end{equation}
where $\mathcal{L}$ is the loss function and $\theta$ are model parameters.

\section{Method}
\label{sec:method}

Describe your proposed method in detail. This is the core technical contribution of your paper.

\subsection{Model Architecture}
Describe the architecture of your model with sufficient detail for reproduction. Include figures if helpful.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{architecture.pdf}
\caption{Model architecture diagram. Describe the key components and data flow. Use colorblind-safe colors.}
\label{fig:architecture}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Training Procedure}
Explain how you train the model, including:
\begin{algorithm}[t]
\caption{Training Algorithm}
\label{alg:training}
\begin{algorithmic}[1]
\STATE \textbf{Input:} Training data $\mathcal{D}$, learning rate $\alpha$
\STATE \textbf{Output:} Trained parameters $\theta$
\STATE Initialize $\theta$ randomly
\FOR{epoch $= 1$ to $T$}
    \FOR{batch $(x, y)$ in $\mathcal{D}$}
        \STATE Compute loss: $\mathcal{L} = \mathcal{L}(f_\theta(x), y)$
        \STATE Update: $\theta \leftarrow \theta - \alpha \nabla_\theta \mathcal{L}$
    \ENDFOR
\ENDFOR
\RETURN $\theta$
\end{algorithmic}
\end{algorithm}

\subsection{Key Components}
Describe key technical innovations or components in detail.

\section{Theoretical Analysis}
\label{sec:theory}

If applicable, provide theoretical analysis of your method.

\begin{theorem}
\label{thm:main}
State your main theoretical result here.
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
Provide proof or sketch of proof. Full proofs can go in the appendix.
\end{proof}

\section{Experiments}
\label{sec:experiments}

Describe your experimental setup and results.

\subsection{Experimental Setup}
\textbf{Datasets:} Describe datasets used (e.g., ImageNet, CIFAR-10, etc.).

\textbf{Baselines:} List baseline methods for comparison.

\textbf{Implementation Details:} Provide implementation details including hyperparameters, hardware, training time.

\textbf{Evaluation Metrics:} Define metrics used (accuracy, F1, AUC, etc.).

\subsection{Main Results}
Present your main experimental results.

\begin{table}[t]
\centering
\caption{Performance comparison on benchmark datasets. Bold indicates best performance. Results reported as mean ± std over 3 runs.}
\label{tab:main_results}
\begin{tabular}{lcccc}
\toprule
Method & Dataset 1 & Dataset 2 & Dataset 3 & Average \\
\midrule
Baseline 1 & 85.3 ± 0.5 & 72.1 ± 0.8 & 90.2 ± 0.3 & 82.5 \\
Baseline 2 & 87.2 ± 0.4 & 74.5 ± 0.6 & 91.1 ± 0.5 & 84.3 \\
\textbf{Our Method} & \textbf{91.7 ± 0.3} & \textbf{79.8 ± 0.5} & \textbf{94.3 ± 0.2} & \textbf{88.6} \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\subsection{Ablation Studies}
Conduct ablation studies to understand which components contribute to performance.

\subsection{Analysis}
Provide deeper analysis of results, failure cases, limitations, etc.

\section{Discussion}
\label{sec:discussion}

Discuss your findings, limitations, and broader implications.

\subsection{Limitations}
Honestly acknowledge limitations of your work.

\subsection{Broader Impacts}
Discuss potential positive and negative societal impacts (required by NeurIPS).

\section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:conclusion}

Summarize your main contributions and findings. Suggest future research directions.

% Acknowledgments (add after acceptance, not in submission version)
\section*{Acknowledgments}
Thank collaborators, funding sources (with grant numbers), and compute resources. Not included in double-blind submission.

% References
\bibliographystyle{plainnat}  % or other NeurIPS-compatible style
\bibliography{references}  % Your .bib file

% Appendix (optional, unlimited pages)
\appendix

\section{Additional Proofs}
\label{app:proofs}

Provide full proofs of theorems here.

\section{Additional Experimental Results}
\label{app:experiments}

Include additional experiments, more ablations, qualitative results, etc.

\section{Hyperparameters}
\label{app:hyperparameters}

List all hyperparameters used in experiments for reproducibility.

\begin{table}[h]
\centering
\caption{Hyperparameters used in all experiments}
\begin{tabular}{ll}
\toprule
Hyperparameter & Value \\
\midrule
Learning rate & 0.001 \\
Batch size & 64 \\
Optimizer & Adam \\
Weight decay & 0.0001 \\
Epochs & 100 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\section{Code and Data}
\label{app:code}

Provide links to code repository (anonymized for review, e.g., anonymous GitHub):
\begin{itemize}
    \item Code: \url{https://anonymous.4open.science/r/project-XXXX}
    \item Data: Available upon request / at [repository]
\end{itemize}

\end{document}

% Notes for Authors:
% 1. Main paper: 8 pages maximum (excluding references and appendix)
% 2. References: unlimited pages
% 3. Appendix: unlimited pages (reviewed at discretion of reviewers)
% 4. Use double-blind anonymization for initial submission
% 5. Include broader impact statement
% 6. Code submission strongly encouraged (anonymous for review)
% 7. Use official neurips_2024.sty file (download from NeurIPS website)
% 8. Font: Times, 10pt (enforced by style file)
% 9. Figures should be colorblind-friendly
% 10. Ensure reproducibility: report seeds, hyperparameters, dataset splits

% PLOS ONE Article Template
% For submission to PLOS ONE and other PLOS journals
% Last updated: 2024

\documentclass[10pt,letterpaper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage[top=0.85in,left=2.75in,footskip=0.75in]{geometry}
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}
\usepackage{changepage}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{textcomp,marvosym}
\usepackage{cite}
\usepackage{nameref,hyperref}
\usepackage[right]{lineno}
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{authblk}

% Line numbering
\linenumbers

% Set up authblk for PLOS format
\renewcommand\Authfont{\fontsize{12}{14}\selectfont}
\renewcommand\Affilfont{\fontsize{9}{11}\selectfont}

% Title
\title{Your Article Title Here: Concise and Descriptive}

% Authors and Affiliations
\author[1]{First Author}
\author[1,2]{Second Author}
\author[2,$\dagger$]{Third Author}

\affil[1]{Department of Biology, University Name, City, State, Country}
\affil[2]{Institute of Research, Institution Name, City, Country}

% Corresponding author
\affil[$\dagger$]{Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]}

\date{}

\begin{document}

\maketitle

% Abstract
\begin{abstract}
\noindent
Write a structured or unstructured abstract of 250-300 words. The abstract should be accessible to a broad readership and should clearly state: (1) background/rationale, (2) objectives, (3) methods, (4) principal findings with key data, and (5) conclusions and significance. Do not include citations in the abstract.
\end{abstract}

% Introduction
\section*{Introduction}

Provide background and context for your study. The introduction should:
\begin{itemize}
    \item Present the rationale for your study
    \item Clearly state what is currently known about the topic
    \item Identify the knowledge gap your study addresses
    \item State your research objectives or hypotheses
    \item Explain the significance of the research
\end{itemize}

Review relevant literature \cite{smith2023,jones2022}, setting your work in context.

State your main research question or objective at the end of the introduction.

% Materials and Methods
\section*{Materials and Methods}

Provide sufficient detail to allow reproduction of your work.

\subsection*{Study Design}
Describe the overall study design (e.g., prospective cohort, randomized controlled trial, observational study, etc.).

\subsection*{Participants/Samples}
Describe your study population, sample collection, or experimental subjects:
\begin{itemize}
    \item Sample size and how it was determined (power analysis)
    \item Inclusion and exclusion criteria
    \item Demographic information
    \item For animal studies: species, strain, age, sex, housing conditions
\end{itemize}

\subsection*{Procedures}
Detail all experimental procedures, measurements, and interventions. Include:
\begin{itemize}
    \item Equipment and reagents (with manufacturer, catalog numbers)
    \item Protocols and procedures (step-by-step if novel)
    \item Controls used
    \item Blinding and randomization (if applicable)
\end{itemize}

\subsection*{Data Collection}
Describe how data were collected, including instruments, assays, and measurements.

\subsection*{Statistical Analysis}
Clearly describe statistical methods used:
\begin{itemize}
    \item Software and version (e.g., R 4.3.0, Python 3.9 with scipy 1.9.0)
    \item Statistical tests performed (e.g., t-tests, ANOVA, regression)
    \item Significance level ($\alpha$, typically 0.05)
    \item Corrections for multiple testing
    \item Sample size justification
\end{itemize}

\subsection*{Ethical Approval}
Include relevant ethical approval statements:
\begin{itemize}
    \item Human subjects: IRB approval, protocol number, consent procedures
    \item Animal research: IACUC approval, protocol number, welfare considerations
    \item Field studies: Permits and permissions
\end{itemize}

Example: "This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of University Name (Protocol \#12345). All participants provided written informed consent."

% Results
\section*{Results}

Present your findings in a logical sequence. Refer to figures and tables as you describe results. Do not interpret results in this section (save for Discussion).

\subsection*{First Major Finding}
Describe your first key result. Statistical results should include effect sizes and confidence intervals in addition to p-values.

As shown in Figure~\ref{fig:results1}, we observed a significant increase in [outcome variable] (mean $\pm$ SD: 45.2 $\pm$ 8.3 vs. 32.1 $\pm$ 6.9; t = 7.42, df = 48, p < 0.001).

\begin{figure}[!ht]
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=0.75\textwidth]{figure1.png}
\caption{{\bf Figure 1. Title of first figure.}
Detailed figure legend describing what is shown. Include: (A) Description of panel A. (B) Description of panel B. Sample sizes (n), error bars represent [SD, SEM, 95\% CI], and statistical significance indicated by asterisks (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001). Statistical test used should be stated.}
\label{fig:results1}
\end{figure}

\subsection*{Second Major Finding}
Describe your second key result, referencing Table~\ref{tab:results1}.

\begin{table}[!ht]
\centering
\caption{{\bf Table 1. Title of table.}}
\label{tab:results1}
\begin{tabular}{lccc}
\hline
\textbf{Condition} & \textbf{Measurement 1} & \textbf{Measurement 2} & \textbf{p-value} \\
\hline
Control & 25.3 $\pm$ 3.1 & 48.2 $\pm$ 5.4 & -- \\
Treatment A & 32.7 $\pm$ 2.8 & 55.1 $\pm$ 4.9 & 0.003 \\
Treatment B & 41.2 $\pm$ 3.5 & 62.8 $\pm$ 6.2 & < 0.001 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\begin{flushleft}
Values shown as mean $\pm$ standard deviation (n = 20 per group). P-values from one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test comparing to control.
\end{flushleft}
\end{table}

\subsection*{Additional Results}
Present additional findings as needed.

% Discussion
\section*{Discussion}

Interpret your results and place them in the context of existing literature.

\subsection*{Principal Findings}
Summarize your main findings concisely.

\subsection*{Interpretation}
Interpret your findings and explain their significance. How do they advance understanding of the topic? Compare and contrast with previous studies \cite{brown2021,williams2020}.

\subsection*{Strengths and Limitations}
Discuss both strengths and limitations of your study honestly:

\textbf{Strengths:}
\begin{itemize}
    \item Large sample size with adequate statistical power
    \item Rigorous methodology with appropriate controls
    \item Novel approach or finding
\end{itemize}

\textbf{Limitations:}
\begin{itemize}
    \item Cross-sectional design limits causal inference
    \item Generalizability may be limited to [specific population]
    \item Potential confounding variables not measured
\end{itemize}

\subsection*{Implications}
Discuss the practical or theoretical implications of your findings.

\subsection*{Future Directions}
Suggest directions for future research.

% Conclusions
\section*{Conclusions}

Provide a concise conclusion summarizing the main findings and their significance. Avoid repeating the abstract.

% Acknowledgments
\section*{Acknowledgments}

Acknowledge individuals who contributed but do not meet authorship criteria, technical assistance, and writing assistance. Example: "We thank Dr. Jane Doe for technical assistance with microscopy and Dr. John Smith for helpful discussions."

% References
\section*{References}

% Using BibTeX
\bibliographystyle{plos2015}
\bibliography{references}

% Or manually formatted (Vancouver style, numbered):
\begin{thebibliography}{99}

\bibitem{smith2023}
Smith JD, Johnson ML, Williams KR. Title of article. Journal Abbrev. 2023;45(3):301-318. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.1234567.

\bibitem{jones2022}
Jones AB, Brown CD. Another article title. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(8):e0234567. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234567.

\bibitem{brown2021}
Brown EF, Davis GH, Wilson IJ, Taylor JK. Comprehensive study title. Nat Commun. 2021;12:1234. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-12345-6.

\bibitem{williams2020}
Williams LM, Anderson NO. Previous work on topic. Science. 2020;368(6489):456-460. doi:10.1126/science.abc1234.

\end{thebibliography}

% Supporting Information
\section*{Supporting Information}

List all supporting information files (captions provided separately during submission):

\paragraph{S1 Fig.}
\textbf{Title of supplementary figure 1.} Brief description.

\paragraph{S2 Fig.}
\textbf{Title of supplementary figure 2.} Brief description.

\paragraph{S1 Table.}
\textbf{Title of supplementary table 1.} Brief description.

\paragraph{S1 Dataset.}
\textbf{Raw data.} Complete dataset used in analysis (CSV format).

\paragraph{S1 File.}
\textbf{Supplementary methods.} Additional methodological details.

% Author Contributions (CRediT taxonomy recommended)
\section*{Author Contributions}

Use CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy):
\begin{itemize}
    \item \textbf{Conceptualization:} FA, SA
    \item \textbf{Data curation:} FA
    \item \textbf{Formal analysis:} FA, SA
    \item \textbf{Funding acquisition:} TA
    \item \textbf{Investigation:} FA, SA
    \item \textbf{Methodology:} FA, SA, TA
    \item \textbf{Project administration:} TA
    \item \textbf{Resources:} TA
    \item \textbf{Software:} FA
    \item \textbf{Supervision:} TA
    \item \textbf{Validation:} FA, SA
    \item \textbf{Visualization:} FA
    \item \textbf{Writing – original draft:} FA
    \item \textbf{Writing – review \& editing:} FA, SA, TA
\end{itemize}

(FA = First Author, SA = Second Author, TA = Third Author)

% Data Availability Statement (REQUIRED)
\section*{Data Availability}

Choose one of the following:

\textbf{Option 1 (Public repository):} 
All data are available in the [repository name] repository at [URL/DOI].

\textbf{Option 2 (Supporting Information):}
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.

\textbf{Option 3 (Available on request):}
Data cannot be shared publicly because of [reason]. Data are available from the [institution/contact] (contact via [email]) for researchers who meet the criteria for access to confidential data.

\textbf{Option 4 (Third-party):}
Data are available from [third party] (contact: [details]) for researchers who meet criteria for access.

% Funding Statement (REQUIRED)
\section*{Funding}

State all funding sources including grant numbers. If no funding, state "The authors received no specific funding for this work."

Example: "This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) [grant number 123456 to TA] and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [grant number R01-234567 to TA]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript."

% Competing Interests (REQUIRED)
\section*{Competing Interests}

Declare any financial or non-financial competing interests. If none, state: "The authors have declared that no competing interests exist."

If competing interests exist, declare them explicitly: "Author TA is a consultant for Company X. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials."

\end{document}

% Notes for Authors:
% 1. PLOS ONE has no length limit - be concise but thorough
% 2. Use Vancouver style for citations [1], [2], [3]
% 3. Figures: TIFF or EPS format, 300-600 dpi
% 4. All data must be made available (data availability statement required)
% 5. Include line numbers for review
% 6. PLOS ONE focuses on scientific rigor, not novelty or impact
% 7. Reporting guidelines encouraged (CONSORT, STROBE, PRISMA, etc.)
% 8. Ethical approval required for human/animal studies
% 9. All authors must agree to submission
% 10. Submit via PLOS online submission system

% Academic Research Poster Template using beamerposter
% For conference presentations
% Last updated: 2024

\documentclass[final]{beamer}

% Poster size and scale
% Common sizes: a0, a1, a2, a3, a4
% Custom size: size=custom,width=XX,height=YY
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% Packages
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsmath,amsthm,amssymb,latexsym}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{booktabs,array}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{qrcode}  % For QR codes
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{lipsum}  % For placeholder text (remove in final version)

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% Other themes: default, AnnArbor, Antibes, Bergen, Berkeley, Berlin, Boadilla, CambridgeUS, Copenhagen, Darmstadt, Dresden, Frankfurt, Goettingen, Hannover, Ilmenau, JuanLesPins, Luebeck, Madrid, Malmoe, Marburg, Montpellier, PaloAlto, Pittsburgh, Rochester, Singapore, Szeged, Warsaw

% Color theme
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% Remove navigation symbols
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% Title, authors, and affiliations
\title{Your Research Title Here:\\A Concise and Descriptive Title}

\author{First Author\inst{1}, Second Author\inst{1,2}, Third Author\inst{2}}

\institute[shortinst]{
\inst{1} Department of Science, University Name, City, State, Country\\
\inst{2} Institute of Research, Institution Name, City, Country
}

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\begin{document}

\begin{frame}[t]
\begin{columns}[t]

% Left Column
\begin{column}{.48\textwidth}

% Introduction/Background
\begin{block}{Introduction}
\begin{itemize}
    \item \textbf{Background:} Provide context for your research. What is the broader problem or area of study?
    \item \textbf{Gap:} What is currently unknown or inadequately addressed?
    \item \textbf{Objective:} Clearly state your research question or hypothesis
    \item \textbf{Significance:} Why does this work matter?
\end{itemize}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\textbf{Hypothesis:} State your main hypothesis clearly in one sentence.
\end{block}

\vspace{1cm}

% Methods
\begin{block}{Methods}

\textbf{Study Design:} Brief description of overall approach.

\vspace{0.5cm}

\textbf{Participants/Samples:}
\begin{itemize}
    \item Sample size: n = XX
    \item Key characteristics
    \item Inclusion/exclusion criteria
\end{itemize}

\vspace{0.5cm}

\textbf{Procedures:}
\begin{enumerate}
    \item Data collection procedure
    \item Experimental intervention or measurement
    \item Analysis approach
\end{enumerate}

\vspace{0.5cm}

% Optional: Methods flowchart
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=1.5cm, auto,
    box/.style={rectangle, draw, fill=OIblue!20, text width=8cm, text centered, minimum height=1cm}]
    \node [box] (step1) {Step 1: Participant Recruitment};
    \node [box, below of=step1] (step2) {Step 2: Baseline Assessment};
    \node [box, below of=step2] (step3) {Step 3: Intervention};
    \node [box, below of=step3] (step4) {Step 4: Follow-up Assessment};
    \node [box, below of=step4] (step5) {Step 5: Data Analysis};
    
    \draw [->] (step1) -- (step2);
    \draw [->] (step2) -- (step3);
    \draw [->] (step3) -- (step4);
    \draw [->] (step4) -- (step5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}

\textbf{Statistical Analysis:}
\begin{itemize}
    \item Statistical test used (e.g., t-test, ANOVA, regression)
    \item Software: R 4.3.0, Python 3.9
    \item Significance level: $\alpha = 0.05$
\end{itemize}

\end{block}

\end{column}

% Right Column
\begin{column}{.48\textwidth}

% Results
\begin{block}{Results}

\textbf{Finding 1: Main Result}

\vspace{0.5cm}

% Figure 1
\begin{figure}
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{figure1.pdf}
\caption{Figure 1. Main result showing significant effect. Error bars represent standard deviation. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.}
\end{figure}

\vspace{0.5cm}

\textbf{Finding 2: Secondary Analysis}

\vspace{0.5cm}

% Table or second figure
\begin{table}
\centering
\caption{Summary of key results}
\begin{tabular}{lcccc}
\toprule
\textbf{Condition} & \textbf{Mean} & \textbf{SD} & \textbf{n} & \textbf{p-value} \\
\midrule
Control & 25.3 & 3.1 & 30 & -- \\
Treatment A & 32.7 & 2.8 & 30 & 0.003 \\
Treatment B & 41.2 & 3.5 & 30 & < 0.001 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\vspace{0.5cm}

\textbf{Finding 3: Additional Observation}

Describe third key finding with reference to supporting data.

\end{block}

\vspace{1cm}

% Discussion/Conclusions
\begin{block}{Discussion \& Conclusions}

\textbf{Main Findings:}
\begin{itemize}
    \item Summary of first key result
    \item Summary of second key result
    \item Summary of third key result
\end{itemize}

\vspace{0.5cm}

\textbf{Interpretation:}
\begin{itemize}
    \item How do these findings advance understanding?
    \item How do they compare to previous work?
    \item What are the mechanisms or explanations?
\end{itemize}

\vspace{0.5cm}

\textbf{Limitations:}
\begin{itemize}
    \item Acknowledge key limitations honestly
    \item Discuss how they might affect interpretation
\end{itemize}

\vspace{0.5cm}

\textbf{Future Directions:}
\begin{itemize}
    \item Next steps for research
    \item Potential applications
\end{itemize}

\vspace{0.5cm}

\begin{alertblock}{Key Takeaway}
\textbf{One-sentence summary of most important finding or implication.}
\end{alertblock}

\end{block}

\vspace{1cm}

% References and QR Code
\begin{block}{References \& Contact}

\begin{minipage}[t]{0.65\textwidth}
\small
\textbf{Selected References:}
\begin{enumerate}
    \item Smith et al. (2023). \textit{Journal Name}, 45:123-130.
    \item Jones \& Brown (2022). \textit{Another Journal}, 12:456-467.
    \item Williams et al. (2021). \textit{Third Journal}, 8:789-801.
\end{enumerate}

\vspace{0.3cm}

\textbf{Acknowledgments:} Funding from [Agency] Grant \#12345. Thanks to [collaborators].
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.3\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\qrcode[height=3cm]{https://yourlab.university.edu/paper}\\
\small Scan for full paper\\and supplementary materials
\end{center}
\end{minipage}

\end{block}

\end{column}

\end{columns}
\end{frame}

\end{document}

% Notes for Poster Design:
% 1. Font sizes (for A0 poster):
%    - Title: 80-100pt
%    - Authors: 60pt
%    - Section headers: 50-60pt
%    - Body text: 32-36pt (set by beamerposter scale)
%    - Captions: 28-32pt
% 
% 2. Use colorblind-safe colors (Okabe-Ito palette provided)
% 
% 3. Keep text minimal - use bullets, not paragraphs
% 
% 4. Make figures large and clear
% 
% 5. Use white space effectively - don't crowd
% 
% 6. Test readability from 6 feet (2 meters) away
% 
% 7. Include QR code linking to paper, lab website, or supplementary materials
% 
% 8. Print at professional print shop (FedEx Office, university print center)
% 
% 9. Common poster sizes:
%    - A0: 841 × 1189 mm (33.1 × 46.8 in)
%    - 36" × 48" (914 × 1219 mm)
%    - Check conference requirements!
% 
% 10. Compile with: pdflatex beamerposter_academic.tex

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Customize Template Script
Customize LaTeX templates with author information and project details.

Usage:
    python customize_template.py --template nature_article.tex --output my_paper.tex
    python customize_template.py --template nature_article.tex --title "My Research" --output my_paper.tex
    python customize_template.py --interactive
"""

import argparse
import re
from pathlib import Path

def get_skill_path():
    """Get the path to the venue-templates skill directory."""
    script_dir = Path(__file__).parent
    skill_dir = script_dir.parent
    return skill_dir

def find_template(template_name):
    """Find template file in assets directory."""
    skill_path = get_skill_path()
    assets_path = skill_path / "assets"
    
    # Search in all subdirectories
    for subdir in ["journals", "posters", "grants"]:
        template_path = assets_path / subdir / template_name
        if template_path.exists():
            return template_path
    
    return None

def customize_template(template_path, output_path, **kwargs):
    """Customize a template with provided information."""
    
    # Read template
    with open(template_path, 'r') as f:
        content = f.read()
    
    # Replace placeholders
    replacements = {
        'title': (
            [r'Insert Your Title Here[^}]*', r'Your [^}]*Title[^}]*Here[^}]*'],
            kwargs.get('title', '')
        ),
        'authors': (
            [r'First Author\\textsuperscript\{1\}, Second Author[^}]*',
             r'First Author.*Second Author.*Third Author'],
            kwargs.get('authors', '')
        ),
        'affiliations': (
            [r'Department Name, Institution Name, City, State[^\\]*',
             r'Department of [^,]*, University Name[^\\]*'],
            kwargs.get('affiliations', '')
        ),
        'email': (
            [r'first\.author@university\.edu',
             r'\[email protected\]'],
            kwargs.get('email', '')
        )
    }
    
    # Apply replacements
    modified = False
    for key, (patterns, replacement) in replacements.items():
        if replacement:
            for pattern in patterns:
                if re.search(pattern, content):
                    content = re.sub(pattern, replacement, content, count=1)
                    modified = True
                    print(f"✓ Replaced {key}")
    
    # Write output
    with open(output_path, 'w') as f:
        f.write(content)
    
    if modified:
        print(f"\n✓ Customized template saved to: {output_path}")
    else:
        print(f"\n⚠️  Template copied to: {output_path}")
        print("   No customizations applied (no matching placeholders found or no values provided)")
    
    print(f"\nNext steps:")
    print(f"1. Open {output_path} in your LaTeX editor")
    print(f"2. Replace remaining placeholders")
    print(f"3. Add your content")
    print(f"4. Compile with pdflatex or your preferred LaTeX compiler")

def interactive_mode():
    """Run in interactive mode."""
    print("\n=== Template Customization (Interactive Mode) ===\n")
    
    # List available templates
    skill_path = get_skill_path()
    assets_path = skill_path / "assets"
    
    print("Available templates:\n")
    templates = []
    for i, subdir in enumerate(["journals", "posters", "grants"], 1):
        subdir_path = assets_path / subdir
        if subdir_path.exists():
            print(f"{subdir.upper()}:")
            for j, template_file in enumerate(sorted(subdir_path.glob("*.tex")), 1):
                templates.append(template_file)
                print(f"  {len(templates)}. {template_file.name}")
    
    print()
    
    # Select template
    while True:
        try:
            choice = int(input(f"Select template (1-{len(templates)}): "))
            if 1 <= choice <= len(templates):
                template_path = templates[choice - 1]
                break
            else:
                print(f"Please enter a number between 1 and {len(templates)}")
        except ValueError:
            print("Please enter a valid number")
    
    print(f"\nSelected: {template_path.name}\n")
    
    # Get customization info
    title = input("Paper title (press Enter to skip): ").strip()
    authors = input("Authors (e.g., 'John Doe, Jane Smith') (press Enter to skip): ").strip()
    affiliations = input("Affiliations (press Enter to skip): ").strip()
    email = input("Corresponding email (press Enter to skip): ").strip()
    
    # Output file
    default_output = f"my_{template_path.stem}.tex"
    output = input(f"Output filename [{default_output}]: ").strip()
    if not output:
        output = default_output
    
    output_path = Path(output)
    
    # Customize
    print()
    customize_template(
        template_path,
        output_path,
        title=title,
        authors=authors,
        affiliations=affiliations,
        email=email
    )

def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description="Customize LaTeX templates with author and project information",
        formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
        epilog="""
Examples:
  %(prog)s --interactive
  %(prog)s --template nature_article.tex --output my_paper.tex
  %(prog)s --template neurips_article.tex --title "My ML Research" --output my_neurips.tex
        """
    )
    
    parser.add_argument('--template', type=str, help='Template filename')
    parser.add_argument('--output', type=str, help='Output filename')
    parser.add_argument('--title', type=str, help='Paper title')
    parser.add_argument('--authors', type=str, help='Author names')
    parser.add_argument('--affiliations', type=str, help='Institutions/affiliations')
    parser.add_argument('--email', type=str, help='Corresponding author email')
    parser.add_argument('--interactive', action='store_true', help='Run in interactive mode')
    
    args = parser.parse_args()
    
    # Interactive mode
    if args.interactive:
        interactive_mode()
        return
    
    # Command-line mode
    if not args.template or not args.output:
        print("Error: --template and --output are required (or use --interactive)")
        parser.print_help()
        return
    
    # Find template
    template_path = find_template(args.template)
    if not template_path:
        print(f"Error: Template '{args.template}' not found")
        print("\nSearched in:")
        skill_path = get_skill_path()
        for subdir in ["journals", "posters", "grants"]:
            print(f"  - {skill_path}/assets/{subdir}/")
        return
    
    # Customize
    output_path = Path(args.output)
    customize_template(
        template_path,
        output_path,
        title=args.title,
        authors=args.authors,
        affiliations=args.affiliations,
        email=args.email
    )

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()