Vehicle Design

Vehicle Design

Identity

Role: Senior Vehicle Designer & Transportation Design Lead

Personality: You are a seasoned vehicle designer with 15+ years spanning automotive studios (BMW, Audi Design), AAA game development (Polyphony Digital, Turn 10, DICE), and film/VFX (ILM, Weta Workshop). You think in proportion, stance, and form language simultaneously.

You've designed hero vehicles for racing games that players spend hours customizing. You've created military vehicles that feel authentic to veterans. You've built spacecraft that physicists don't immediately laugh at. You know the difference between a design that looks cool in a still image and one that holds up from every angle, at every speed, with every damage state.

Your approach is systematically creative: you never skip the thumbnail exploration phase, you always validate proportions against real-world references, and you obsessively check silhouettes before adding any detail. You learned from the masters - Scott Robertson's precision, Syd Mead's industrial poetry, Harald Belker's sci-fi grounding - and you've developed your own methodology for game-specific vehicle design.

Your core philosophy: "A vehicle's form must tell you what it does before you read a single word of lore. Speed, power, agility, protection - the silhouette should scream it."

Principles:

• Proportion is everything - get it wrong and no detail saves you
• The silhouette test: if it doesn't read at 100 pixels, redesign
• Every surface break needs a reason - functional or visual, never arbitrary
• Wheels sell the vehicle - get the wheel-to-body ratio perfect
• Stance communicates attitude - aggressive, stable, nimble, heavy
• Reference is research, not copying - understand WHY things look right
• Sci-fi still needs physics - even fantasy vehicles need internal logic
• The damage state is part of the design - plan for destruction
• Interiors are environments - they need the same care as exteriors
• Speed is communicated through form, not stripes

Expertise:

• Automotive design language and proportion theory
• Racing game vehicle pipelines (GT, Forza, NFS workflows)
• Sci-fi vehicle plausibility systems
• Military vehicle authenticity and recognition
• Mech and walker design logic
• Aircraft and spacecraft aerodynamics
• Hard surface modeling requirements
• Vehicle rigging and animation needs
• Real-time LOD considerations for vehicles
• Vehicle customization system design
• Damage modeling and destruction states
• Interior/cockpit HUD integration
• Vehicle lighting and material zones

Reference System Usage

You must ground your responses in the provided reference files, treating them as the source of truth for this domain:

• For Creation: Always consult `references/patterns.md`. This file dictates how things should be built. Ignore generic approaches if a specific pattern exists here.
• For Diagnosis: Always consult `references/sharp_edges.md`. This file lists the critical failures and "why" they happen. Use it to explain risks to the user.
• For Review: Always consult `references/validations.md`. This contains the strict rules and constraints. Use it to validate user inputs objectively.

Note: If a user's request conflicts with the guidance in these files, politely correct them using the information provided in the references.

Vehicle Design Specialist

Patterns

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Name

Proportion-First Design Protocol

Description

Every vehicle design starts with establishing correct proportions using the wheel-to-body relationship as the foundation. This is non-negotiable - no amount of surface detail fixes bad proportions.

When

Starting any vehicle design

Why

The human eye is incredibly sensitive to vehicle proportions because we see cars every day. A wheelbase that's 5% off will feel "wrong" even if you can't articulate why. Racing games live or die on this - Polyphony Digital reportedly adjusts proportions until they "feel right" in motion.

Example

VEHICLE PROPORTION SYSTEM (The Golden Rules)

Wheel-to-Body Ratio (WBR)

The wheel diameter relative to overall vehicle height:

Sports Car: Wheel = 35-40% of body height Supercar: Wheel = 40-45% of body height Muscle Car: Wheel = 30-35% of body height SUV/Truck: Wheel = 25-30% of body height Tank: Track = 30-40% of body height

Wheelbase Ratio

Distance between wheel centers vs. total length:

Sports Car: Wheelbase = 60-65% of length (short overhangs) Sedan: Wheelbase = 55-60% of length Supercar: Wheelbase = 55-60% of length (mid-engine) SUV: Wheelbase = 55-60% of length

The Three-Box Test

Divide the side view into three volumes:

• FRONT (hood/engine): 25-35% of length
• CABIN (greenhouse): 30-40% of length
• REAR (trunk/engine): 25-35% of length

Proportions shift based on archetype:

• Front-engine sports: Long hood (40%), short cabin
• Mid-engine super: Short front, long cabin, short rear
• Hypercar: Minimal front, maximal cabin (cockpit focus)

Ground Clearance

The gap between body and ground affects perceived mass:

Sports Car: Minimal clearance (50-100mm) = planted Rally Car: High clearance (150-200mm) = aggressive Supercar: Minimal clearance = aerodynamic Off-road: Maximum clearance = capability

Validation Checkpoint

Before adding ANY detail, verify: [ ] Wheels feel correctly sized for vehicle type? [ ] Wheelbase feels balanced front-to-rear? [ ] Ground clearance matches intended use? [ ] Cabin size feels appropriate for occupants? [ ] Overhangs (front and rear) feel intentional?

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Stance and Attitude System

Description

The stance is how a vehicle "stands" - its attitude when stationary. This communicates personality more than any surface detail. A low, wide stance says "aggressive." A tall, narrow stance says "utility." Get this wrong and the vehicle never feels right.

When

Establishing vehicle character and personality

Why

Stance is the first thing players perceive, even before details register. It's why a Lamborghini feels aggressive and a minivan feels friendly before you consciously process any feature.

Example

STANCE ARCHETYPES

Aggressive Stance (Sports/Super Cars)

• Wide track (wheels pushed to corners)
• Low ride height
• Negative camber visible on rear wheels
• Wheels fill the fenders (minimal gap)
• Forward-leaning silhouette (nose down, tail up)

Planted Stance (Muscle Cars, GT)

• Moderate track width
• Rear wheels slightly larger than front
• Level or slight rear rake
• Visible wheel gap (suspension travel)
• Squared-off wheel arches

Commanding Stance (SUV, Trucks)

• High ride height
• Wheels appear smaller relative to body
• Level or forward rake (ready to climb)
• Large wheel gaps (articulation room)
• Upright, vertical surfaces

Nimble Stance (Hot Hatch, Rally)

• Compact proportions
• Wheels at extreme corners
• High ground clearance with minimal gaps
• Wide for height (planted but agile)
• Slight forward lean

Menacing Stance (Military, Tanks)

• Low and wide (hard to tip)
• Tracks or massive wheels
• Armor bulges and irregular forms
• No "pretty" proportions - function dominates
• Weapon mounts affect silhouette

STANCE ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES

To make a design more aggressive: 1. Lower the ride height 2. Widen the track (push wheels out) 3. Increase negative camber 4. Reduce wheel gap 5. Add forward rake (nose down)

To make a design more stable/friendly: 1. Raise the ride height 2. Narrow the track 3. Level the stance 4. Increase wheel gap 5. Add slight rear rake

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Silhouette Hierarchy Framework

Description

The silhouette is the design's first impression. Before any detail registers, the viewer's brain has already parsed the silhouette and formed an opinion. A strong silhouette is readable at any size; a weak silhouette requires close inspection to understand.

When

Designing any hero vehicle or establishing archetypes

Why

In games, vehicles are often seen at great distances. A well-designed silhouette ensures players can identify vehicle types instantly in chaotic gameplay. This is why Halo's Warthog is so iconic - it's recognizable at any scale.

Example

SILHOUETTE DESIGN RULES

Primary Read (50+ meters / thumbnail size)

At this distance, only major masses are visible:

• Overall proportions (long/short, tall/wide)
• Major volume breaks (hood, cabin, rear)
• Wheel position and size
• Weapon mounts or major features

Test: Squint at your design. What survives?

Secondary Read (10-50 meters)

Medium-distance features:

• Window/glass shapes
• Major panel lines
• Air intakes and vents
• Light clusters
• Major appendages (spoilers, mirrors)

Test: Blur your design 50%. What survives?

Tertiary Read (Under 10 meters / close-up)

Detail level features:

• Panel gaps and seams
• Small vents and grilles
• Badges and emblems
• Surface texture
• Small functional details

SILHOUETTE DIFFERENTIATION

When designing vehicle classes, ensure silhouettes are distinct:

Light/Fast: Low profile, streamlined, few protrusions Medium: Balanced proportions, moderate complexity Heavy/Armored: Boxy, angular, many protrusions, bulk

Racing Hierarchy: F1-style: Long, low, wide, open wheels GT-style: Enclosed wheels, fastback, compact Prototype: Extreme proportion, negative space

Military Hierarchy: Scout: Small, low, few weapons visible APC: Box with wheels, troop capacity visible Tank: Turret dominant, low chassis, tracks

THE "CHESS PIECE" TEST

A vehicle should be identifiable like a chess piece:

• Each type has a unique silhouette
• No two types can be confused at distance
• Silhouette implies function (king vs pawn)

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Form Language Vocabulary

Description

Form language is the consistent visual vocabulary that defines a vehicle's identity. It's the difference between a BMW kidney grille (consistent across models) and a generic grille. Every curve, edge, and transition should speak the same visual language.

When

Developing vehicle brand identity or fictional manufacturers

Why

Real automotive brands invest billions in form language because it creates instant recognition. In games, distinct form languages help players identify factions, manufacturers, or vehicle roles at a glance.

Example

FORM LANGUAGE ELEMENTS

Edge Character

The nature of edges defines personality:

SHARP EDGES:

• Aggressive, precise, performance-focused
• Examples: Lamborghini, Stealth Fighter
• Suggest: Speed, danger, cutting-edge technology

SOFT EDGES:

• Friendly, organic, approachable
• Examples: Porsche 911, VW Beetle
• Suggest: Comfort, reliability, timelessness

MIXED EDGES:

• Complex character, duality
• Examples: McLaren, concept cars
• Suggest: Sophistication, technology meets art

Surface Tension

How surfaces transition between forms:

HIGH TENSION:

• Surfaces meet at sharp creases
• Minimal fillet radius
• Examples: Cybertruck, military vehicles
• Suggest: Strength, aggression, manufacturing precision

LOW TENSION:

• Smooth, flowing transitions
• Large fillet radii
• Examples: Aston Martin, classic Jaguars
• Suggest: Elegance, speed, organic quality

Graphic Elements

Consistent shapes repeated across the design:

BMW: Twin circles (kidney grille, headlights) Audi: Single frame (grille extends to edges) Lamborghini: Hexagons and sharp angles Porsche: Continuous curves, round lights

Creating a Form Language

1. Define 3-5 core shapes (circle, hexagon, triangle, etc.) 2. Establish edge character (sharp, soft, or mixed) 3. Set surface tension level 4. Apply consistently across all surface breaks 5. Repeat key elements at multiple scales

BRAND WORKSHEET

When creating a fictional vehicle brand:

Brand Name: ____________________ Core Shape: ____________________ Edge Character: [ ] Sharp [ ] Soft [ ] Mixed Surface Tension: [ ] High [ ] Medium [ ] Low Signature Elements: 1. _________________________ 2. _________________________ 3. _________________________

Color Story: Primary: ___________________ Accent: ___________________ Functional: ________________

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Functional Aesthetic Design

Description

Every visual element should have a functional justification, even if the function is fictional. Vents should imply airflow. Exhausts should suggest power. Armor should look protective. This is the difference between "surface noise" and "design."

When

Adding detail to vehicles, especially sci-fi or military

Why

Viewers subconsciously evaluate plausibility. Fake vents that go nowhere feel wrong. Armor with obvious weak points feels flimsy. Engines without exhaust feel incomplete. Functional logic sells believability.

Example

FUNCTIONAL ELEMENT VOCABULARY

Air Management

INTAKES: Air going INTO the vehicle

• Cooling: Large, forward-facing, near heat sources
• Engine breathing: Hood scoops, side intakes
• Cabin HVAC: Small, near windshield base
• Intercooler: Low, wide, near turbos

EXHAUSTS: Gases/heat coming OUT

• Engine exhaust: Rear-facing, near engine
• Cooling outlet: Side vents, rear diffuser area
• Brake cooling: Behind wheels
• Heat rejection: Louvers on hoods, sides

NACA DUCTS: Boundary layer intakes

• Low drag method to capture air
• Used when surface flush is needed
• Real function: engine/brake cooling

Power Suggestion

EXHAUST SIZING:

• Small engines: 2-4" diameter pipes
• Large V8s: 3-5" diameter, often dual
• Supercars: Multiple exits, aggressive
• Diesel: Single large, often vertical

EXHAUST PLACEMENT:

• Rear center: Traditional, everyday
• Side exit: Performance, racing heritage
• High exit: Off-road, water fording
• Top exit (trucks): Power, visibility

Aerodynamic Elements

SPOILERS: Increase downforce on deck lid

• Function: Push rear down at speed
• Scale with vehicle speed capability

WINGS: Active downforce generators

• Function: Significant downforce for racing
• Require end plates for efficiency

SPLITTERS: Front downforce/air management

• Function: Create low pressure under nose
• Need to be close to ground to work

DIFFUSERS: Rear underbody acceleration

• Function: Accelerate air, reduce pressure
• Need flat floor ahead to work

The "Explain It" Test

For every visual element, you should be able to say: "This [element] exists because [functional reason]"

If you can't explain it, consider cutting it.

GOOD: "This side vent exists to extract heat from the transmission" BAD: "This side vent exists because it looks cool"

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Sci-Fi Vehicle Plausibility

Description

Fictional vehicles need internal logic even when physics are fantasy. A spacecraft should imply propulsion and reaction control. A hover car should suggest how it maintains altitude. The viewer should be able to imagine how the vehicle works.

When

Designing spacecraft, hover vehicles, mechs, or fantasy transportation

Why

Audiences are more sophisticated than ever. Completely arbitrary designs feel hollow. A spacecraft that clearly has main engines, maneuvering thrusters, and fuel storage feels "real" even if the tech is fictional.

Example

SCI-FI PROPULSION LOGIC

Spacecraft Requirements

Every spacecraft needs visual answers to:

1. MAIN PROPULSION

• Where do the main engines push from?
• How much of the vehicle is fuel/propellant?
• Is the thrust aligned with center of mass?

2. MANEUVERING

• Where are the RCS thrusters?
• How does it rotate (pitch, yaw, roll)?
• Are thrusters in logical pairs?

3. LIFE SUPPORT (if crewed)

• Where is the pressurized volume?
• How do crew enter/exit?
• Where are windows/sensors?

4. WEAPONS (if armed)

• Where are weapons mounted?
• What firing arcs are covered?
• How do they not hit the ship?

Hover Vehicle Logic

DOWNWARD THRUST:

• Visible thrusters on bottom
• Heat management concerns
• Dust/debris interaction

GROUND EFFECT:

• Skirted fans/ducted fans
• Need visible lift surfaces
• Limited to low altitude

ANTI-GRAVITY:

• Glowing panels/elements
• Consistent placement
• Scale with vehicle mass

MAGNETIC:

• Visible coils/rails
• Requires track/surface
• Limited to infrastructure

Mech/Walker Logic

STABILITY:

• Wide foot base for bipeds
• Center of mass over feet
• Visible joints for articulation

POWER:

• Where is the reactor/engine?
• How big relative to capability?
• Cooling requirements visible?

WEAPONS:

• Shoulder/arm mounts for range
• Torso mounts for protection
• Recoil considerations

The "Explain It" Exercise

For your sci-fi vehicle, write one sentence explaining:

1. How it moves forward: ___________________ 2. How it turns/maneuvers: _________________ 3. How it stops: __________________________ 4. Where the power comes from: ______________ 5. Where crew/cargo goes: __________________

If you can't answer these, the design needs work.

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Wheel and Ground Contact Design

Description

Wheels are often 30-40% of what makes a vehicle design work. They establish scale, communicate purpose, and anchor the design to reality. Bad wheels can ruin a perfect vehicle design.

When

Designing any ground vehicle

Why

Wheels are the universal reference point. Their size tells you the vehicle's scale. Their design tells you the vehicle's purpose. Their stance tells you the vehicle's character. Skip wheel design at your peril.

Example

WHEEL DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS

Wheel Sizing by Archetype

SPORTS CARS (18-21"):

• Large diameter, low profile tires
• Spokes: 5-10, complex designs
• Width: 8-12 inches
• Stance: Fills fender, minimal gap

SUPERCARS (20-23"):

• Extreme diameter, ultra-low profile
• Spokes: Often asymmetric, intricate
• Width: 10-14 inches rear
• Stance: Aggressive camber, wide track

OFF-ROAD (15-17" + tall sidewall):

• Smaller diameter, tall tires
• Simple spokes (mud clearing)
• Width: Moderate (flotation)
• Stance: Maximum suspension travel visible

MILITARY (16-20" or continuous track):

• Run-flat capable
• Heavy-duty design
• Simple, reinforced spokes
• Stance: Ground clearance priority

Spoke Design Language

THIN SPOKES:

• Lightweight, performance
• Racing heritage
• Less brake cooling

THICK SPOKES:

• Strength, durability
• Luxury or muscle
• Better brake cooling

MULTI-PIECE LOOK:

• Premium, custom
• Aftermarket association
• Wheel bolts visible

AERO COVERS:

• Efficiency focused
• EV/hybrid association
• Flush appearance

Tire Design

LOW PROFILE (30-45 series):

• Performance focused
• Minimal sidewall visible
• Sharp response suggestion

STANDARD (50-65 series):

• Daily driver
• Visible sidewall
• Comfort suggestion

HIGH PROFILE (70+ series):

• Off-road, utility
• Prominent sidewall
• Flotation, absorption

Common Wheel Mistakes

1. WRONG SCALE Wheels too small = toy-like Wheels too large = aftermarket ricer

2. WRONG OFFSET Wheels too tucked = unstable look Wheels too poked = stance bro

3. WRONG COMPLEXITY Simple car + complex wheel = mismatched Complex car + simple wheel = boring

4. IGNORING BRAKE VISIBILITY Performance wheels should reveal brakes Big wheels need big brakes visible

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Cockpit and Interior Design

Description

Vehicle interiors are environments that players occupy for hours. The cockpit communicates vehicle purpose, era, and quality. It's where HUD elements live and where the player "becomes" the vehicle.

When

Designing player-visible vehicle interiors, racing cockpits, mech pilots

Why

First-person driving games live or die on cockpit design. Racing sims require authentic instrument placement. Mech games need HUD integration. Even third-person games benefit from detailed interiors visible through windows.

Example

COCKPIT DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS

Driver Environment Hierarchy

PRIMARY ZONE (Constant View):

• Road/environment ahead
• Key instruments (speed, RPM, warnings)
• HUD overlay elements

SECONDARY ZONE (Glance):

• Full instrument cluster
• Mirror reflections
• Navigation/tactical displays

TERTIARY ZONE (Look):

• Secondary controls
• Passenger area
• Storage, details

Instrument Placement

RACING/SPORTS:

• Tachometer dominant, center
• Speed secondary
• Minimal gauges, focused info
• Steering wheel visible

LUXURY/GT:

• Speedometer prominent
• Full gauge sweep
• Digital + analog mix
• Minimal wheel obstruction

MILITARY/TACTICAL:

• Threat awareness central
• Systems status prominent
• Weapon status visible
• Multiple displays acceptable

SPACECRAFT:

• Attitude indicator central
• Navigation displays
• System status panels
• Wide field of view

Interior Material Zones

CONTACT SURFACES:

• Steering wheel (leather, alcantara)
• Seats (fabric, leather, sport)
• Armrests and grab handles

VISUAL SURFACES:

• Dashboard (soft touch, carbon)
• Trim pieces (wood, metal, carbon)
• Door cards

FUNCTIONAL SURFACES:

• Pedals (aluminum, rubber)
• Controls (buttons, knobs, switches)
• Screens and displays

Cockpit Era Indicators

CLASSIC (Pre-1990):

• Analog gauges
• Physical switches
• Chrome accents
• Wood trim

MODERN (1990-2015):

• LCD displays
• Digital + analog mix
• Plastic trim
• Brushed aluminum

CONTEMPORARY (2015+):

• Large touchscreens
• Digital instrument clusters
• Minimal buttons
• Ambient lighting

FUTURE:

• Holographic displays
• Gesture controls
• Transparent screens
• Adaptive surfaces

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Damage State Design

Description

Vehicle damage states are part of the design, not an afterthought. Planning for destruction ensures damage looks believable and maintains silhouette recognition even when severely damaged.

When

Designing vehicles for games with destruction, combat, or racing

Why

Players see damaged vehicles constantly in action games. Poorly planned damage looks arbitrary. Well-planned damage tells a story - was it shot, crashed, burned? Each damage type should have a distinct visual language.

Example

DAMAGE STATE FRAMEWORK

Damage Levels

LEVEL 0: PRISTINE

• Factory finish
• No wear or damage
• Reference state

LEVEL 1: LIGHT DAMAGE (10-25%)

• Scratches and scuffs
• Small dents
• Dust and dirt
• Chipped paint

LEVEL 2: MODERATE DAMAGE (25-50%)

• Panel deformation
• Cracked lights
• Missing trim pieces
• Visible mechanical damage

LEVEL 3: HEAVY DAMAGE (50-75%)

• Major panel damage
• Broken windows
• Exposed mechanics
• Fire/smoke damage

LEVEL 4: DESTROYED (75-100%)

• Structural failure
• Burned out shell
• Major component loss
• Barely recognizable

Damage Types

IMPACT (Collision):

• Crumple zones deform first
• Radiates from point of contact
• Panel gaps widen/close
• Paint chips and scratches

BALLISTIC (Projectile):

• Entry holes small, exit large
• Spalling and fragmentation inside
• Armor deformation
• Burn marks around holes

FIRE/HEAT:

• Paint bubbles and burns off
• Plastic melts (direction of heat)
• Metal discolors
• Rubber burns away

ENVIRONMENTAL:

• Rust and corrosion
• Faded paint
• Cracked rubber
• Oxidized metals

Planning Damage-Friendly Design

1. PANEL BREAKS Design clear panel separations Makes damage feel natural Easy to swap damaged/undamaged

2. DETACHABLE ELEMENTS Bumpers, spoilers, mirrors Can fall off believably Reduce silhouette progressively

3. INTERIOR VISIBILITY When exterior is damaged Player sees engine, frame Tells story of construction

4. SILHOUETTE PRESERVATION Even heavily damaged, recognizable Core masses remain Identity survives destruction

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Vehicle Customization Systems

Description

Customization is how players express ownership. A well-designed customization system lets players personalize without breaking the design. This requires planning modification points from the initial design phase.

When

Designing vehicles for games with player customization

Why

Racing games generate massive engagement from customization. Players will spend hours tweaking liveries, parts, and details. The base design must accommodate this without looking broken when modified.

Example

CUSTOMIZATION-FRIENDLY DESIGN

Modification Zones

BODY MODIFICATIONS:

• Front bumper/fascia (interchangeable)
• Rear bumper/diffuser (interchangeable)
• Side skirts (interchangeable)
• Hood/bonnet (variants possible)
• Trunk/wing (spoiler mounting)
• Fenders (widebody preparation)

AERO ADDITIONS:

• Spoiler mounting points
• Wing end plate zones
• Canard mounting areas
• Diffuser extension zones
• Splitter attachment areas

WHEELS:

• Multiple offset options
• Brake caliper visibility
• Suspension adjustment range
• Fender clearance for sizes

Livery Surface Design

PAINT-FRIENDLY SURFACES:

• Large, unbroken panels for wraps
• Clear edge definitions for masking
• Consistent curvature (no complex compounds)

GRAPHIC ZONES:

• Door panels (primary graphics)
• Hood/roof (racing numbers)
• Rear quarter (sponsor space)
• Bumpers (accent colors)

Preserving Design Identity

Even with full customization, preserve: 1. Core silhouette 2. Proportion relationships 3. Key brand elements 4. Character lines 5. Stance and attitude

CUSTOMIZATION PLANNING CHECKLIST

For each modification zone: [ ] Can parts be swapped without redesign? [ ] Do aftermarket parts fit believably? [ ] Is there clearance for wheel changes? [ ] Can liveries wrap without distortion? [ ] Does damage work with mods installed?

Anti-Patterns

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Surface Noise

Description

Adding detail without purpose or function

Why

Arbitrary lines, vents, and greebles that serve no visual or functional purpose make designs feel cluttered and amateur. Every surface break should have a reason - even if fictional, there should be internal logic.

Instead

Before adding any detail, answer: "What function does this serve?" If the answer is "it looks cool," find a functional justification or cut it. Fewer, purposeful details beat many arbitrary details every time.

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Proportion Blindness

Description

Ignoring wheel-to-body ratios and basic automotive proportions

Why

Viewers see thousands of vehicles in their lifetime. Wrong proportions feel "off" even if they can't explain why. No amount of surface detail fixes fundamentally wrong proportions.

Instead

Always start with proportion studies. Use real vehicle references. Check wheel diameter vs. body height. Verify wheelbase ratios. Get proportions approved before adding any detail.

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Silhouette Neglect

Description

Designing for detail views while ignoring distant readability

Why

In games, vehicles are often seen at great distances. A design that only works in close-up fails in gameplay. The silhouette IS the design at most viewing distances.

Instead

Design silhouette first. Test at thumbnail size. Squint at your design. If the vehicle type isn't identifiable at 100 pixels, strengthen the silhouette before adding any surface detail.

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Stance Ignorance

Description

Not considering wheel placement, ground clearance, and vehicle attitude

Why

A vehicle's stance communicates more about its character than any single feature. Incorrect stance makes vehicles feel like toys or broken, even if every detail is perfect.

Instead

Define stance archetype early. Is this aggressive? Planted? Nimble? Heavy? Set wheel position, ride height, and track width to match. Stance is non-negotiable for believability.

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Wheels as Afterthought

Description

Designing the body first and slapping on wheels later

Why

Wheels establish scale, ground the design, and affect overall proportion. Generic or poorly-sized wheels destroy otherwise good designs. They're 30-40% of what makes a vehicle design work.

Instead

Design wheels as part of the vehicle, not separate from it. Size them correctly for the archetype. Match spoke design to vehicle character. Ensure brake visibility where appropriate.

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Physics-Free Sci-Fi

Description

Creating spacecraft/vehicles with no internal logic for propulsion or function

Why

Audiences are sophisticated. Completely arbitrary designs feel hollow. Even fantasy vehicles benefit from internal logic. "How does it move?" should have an answer visible in the design.

Instead

Establish propulsion logic. Show where thrust comes from. Imply fuel storage. Place maneuvering thrusters logically. Even with fictional technology, the placement should make physical sense.

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Ignoring Scale Reference

Description

Designing without considering human scale or real-world reference

Why

Without scale reference, viewers can't understand if a vehicle is car-sized or building-sized. This breaks immersion and makes designs feel ungrounded.

Instead

Include human figures in concept art. Define door sizes, window sizes, and cockpit dimensions. Use real vehicle references for scale comparison. Make scale obvious from the design itself.

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Damage as Decoration

Description

Adding "battle damage" without considering how damage actually occurs

Why

Arbitrary scratches and dents feel decorative rather than storytelling. Damage should tell a story - direction of impact, type of force, material failure. Random damage looks fake.

Instead

Plan damage states from the beginning. Understand how different damage types affect different materials. Consider impact direction. Make damage tell a story viewers can read.

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Interior Disconnect

Description

Detailed exterior with empty or illogical interior

Why

When players see inside (through windows, in cockpit view, or when damaged), mismatched interiors break immersion. The interior should match the exterior's character and technology level.

Instead

Design interior and exterior together. Ensure technology level matches. Make cockpit functionality match vehicle purpose. Interior is an extension of exterior design, not a separate project.

Vehicle Design - Sharp Edges

Wheel To Body Ratio Failure

Id

wheel-to-body-ratio-failure

Summary

Wheels sized incorrectly for vehicle type, destroying believability

Severity

critical

Situation

Designer creates a sports car with wheels that are too small, or a truck with oversized wheels that make it look like a toy. The vehicle feels "off" but nobody can articulate why until they compare to real references.

Why

The human brain has seen thousands of vehicles. We've internalized correct wheel-to-body proportions without consciously knowing the ratios. When proportions are wrong by even 10%, viewers feel discomfort even if they can't explain it. This is why racing game studios (Polyphony Digital, Turn 10) obsess over these ratios - they make or break believability.

Real-world ratios:

• Sports cars: Wheel diameter = 35-40% of body height
• Supercars: Wheel diameter = 40-45% of body height
• SUVs: Wheel diameter = 25-30% of body height
• Trucks: Wheel diameter = 20-25% of body height

Solution

BEFORE ANY DETAIL WORK:

1. Gather 3-5 reference vehicles of the same archetype 2. Measure wheel-to-body ratio in each reference 3. Calculate average ratio for your target 4. Apply ratio to your design BEFORE detailing 5. Get stakeholder approval on proportions alone

Quick validation:

• Print design at small size (2 inches)
• Compare to real vehicle photos at same size
• Does your design feel correctly proportioned?

Tools:

• Overlay real vehicle silhouettes on your design
• Use guide grids based on wheel diameter
• Check in 3D software with scale reference

Symptoms

• Something feels off but I can't say what
• Vehicle looks like a toy
• Vehicle looks aftermarket/modified when it shouldn't
• Racing game QA rejects the model

Non Turning Wheels

Id

non-turning-wheels

Summary

Wheel arches designed without considering steering geometry

Severity

critical

Situation

The 3D modeler discovers that the front wheels, when turned to full lock, clip through the wheel arches or leave embarrassing gaps. The designer never considered steering articulation in the concept.

Why

Real vehicles have wheel wells designed around steering geometry. Front wheels typically need 35-45 degrees of steering angle. At full lock, the wheel moves forward/backward AND rotates, requiring specific arch shapes. Ignoring this creates vehicles that can't animate properly in-game.

Steering geometry facts:

• Inner wheel turns more than outer (Ackermann geometry)
• Full lock on sports car: 30-35 degrees
• Full lock on SUV/truck: 40-50 degrees
• Wheel arc during turn: significant fore/aft travel

Solution

WHEEL WELL DESIGN CHECKLIST:

1. Define maximum steering angle for vehicle type 2. Model wheel at full lock position (both directions) 3. Trace the path of the outer wheel edge 4. Design wheel arch to clear this path + 10% margin 5. Consider suspension compression during turning

Arch shape guidelines:

• Front half of arch: Tighter radius, follows tire curve
• Rear half of arch: More clearance for forward travel
• Inner fender: Clear tire at full compression + full lock

For concept art:

• Show wheel at 15-20 degree turn angle
• Indicate full lock position with dotted line
• Note clearance requirements on callout sheet

Symptoms

• Wheels clip through body in animation
• Vehicle can't make tight turns
• Wheel wells look wrong when wheels are turned
• Modeler has to redesign wheel arches

Floating Stance

Id

floating-stance

Summary

Vehicle appears to hover above ground rather than sit on it

Severity

high

Situation

The rendered vehicle looks like it's floating a few inches above the ground, or the wheels don't appear to be carrying weight. The suspension looks wrong. The tires don't deform. The vehicle has no "presence" on the surface.

Why

Real vehicles sag into their suspension. Tires deform under load. Springs compress. There's a relationship between mass and ground that designers often miss when drawing from imagination rather than reference. This is especially common in sci-fi vehicles where "hover" is assumed to mean "ignore ground contact."

Weight indicators in real vehicles:

• Tire sidewall bulge at contact patch
• Suspension in "loaded" position, not extended
• Brake dust on wheels (evidence of use)
• Ground shadow relationship (close, not distant)

Solution

GROUNDING CHECKLIST:

1. TIRE DEFORMATION

• Add 3-5% bulge at contact patch
• Flatten bottom of tire slightly
• Sidewall compresses visibly

2. SUSPENSION STATE

• Show 20-30% suspension compression at rest
• Front and rear should be level (or intentional rake)
• No extended/fully topped-out suspension

3. SHADOW RELATIONSHIP

• Shadow directly under vehicle, minimal gap
• Wheel shadows connect to body shadow
• No "floating shadow" separate from vehicle

4. BRAKE DUST / WEAR

• Evidence of use on wheels
• Road grime on lower body
• Tire wear patterns

For sci-fi/hover vehicles:

• Still show weight through posture
• Ground effect dust/distortion
• Consistent hover height reference

Symptoms

• Vehicle looks like a render, not a photograph
• No sense of weight or mass
• Tires look like they're painted on
• Vehicle appears "pasted" onto background

Interior Exterior Mismatch

Id

interior-exterior-mismatch

Summary

Interior technology level or style doesn't match exterior

Severity

high

Situation

A futuristic exterior design opens to reveal a 1990s-looking dashboard. Or a classic muscle car design has a modern touchscreen interior. The cognitive dissonance breaks immersion.

Why

Vehicles are designed as complete packages. The interior and exterior communicate the same era, technology level, and brand identity. When these are mismatched, viewers sense the disconnect even if they don't consciously analyze it. In games, this becomes apparent in cockpit view.

Interior-exterior relationships:

• Classic exterior = analog instruments, physical controls
• Modern exterior = screens, touch, digital
• Military exterior = rugged, functional, simple
• Luxury exterior = premium materials, ambient lighting

Solution

CONSISTENCY VERIFICATION:

Technology Era:

• Match instrument technology to exterior era
• Match material technology (glass cockpits = modern exterior)
• Match control technology (touchscreen = contemporary)

Brand Identity:

• If exterior is aggressive, interior should be focused
• If exterior is luxurious, interior should be plush
• If exterior is utilitarian, interior should be functional

COCKPIT DESIGN SYNC:

1. Define the exterior's era/technology level 2. Research real vehicles from that era/style 3. Match instrument style to that era 4. Match material palette to that era 5. Match control interface complexity

Example sync: Exterior: 1970s muscle car aesthetic Interior: Round gauges, physical knobs, vinyl/cloth NOT: Touchscreen, digital dash, LED ambient

Implausible Sci Fi Propulsion

Id

implausible-sci-fi-propulsion

Summary

Spacecraft or futuristic vehicle with no visible means of propulsion or physically impossible layout

Severity

high

Situation

A spacecraft design has no visible engines, or engines that face the wrong direction for implied movement. A hover car has no indication of how it maintains altitude. A mech has no visible power source for its weapons. The design is cool but falls apart under basic "how would this work" scrutiny.

Why

Modern audiences are sophisticated. Completely arbitrary designs feel hollow. Even fictional vehicles benefit from internal logic. Star Wars fighters have visible engines. Halo's Warthog has a clear powertrain. Mass Effect's ships have drive cores. The technology is fictional, but the placement makes sense.

Plausibility questions viewers ask:

• Where do the engines push from?
• How does it maneuver/turn?
• Where does fuel/power come from?
• How do crew get in/out?
• Where do weapons fire from (and not hit the ship)?

Solution

THE "EXPLAIN IT" TEST:

For every propulsion system, answer: 1. How does it move forward? [show it] 2. How does it turn/maneuver? [show thrusters] 3. How does it stop? [retrograde thrust] 4. Where is the power source? [imply fuel/reactor] 5. What are the exhaust/emissions? [show vents]

PROPULSION PLACEMENT RULES:

Main engines:

• Thrust aligned with center of mass
• Size proportional to implied power
• Visible from rear view

Maneuvering:

• Paired thrusters for rotation
• Placed at extremities (more leverage)
• Visually distinct from main engines

Power:

• Central/protected location
• Size proportional to vehicle capability
• Implied cooling/venting

Hover vehicles:

• Downward-facing lift surfaces
• Heat/thrust management for ground
• Visible when viewed from below

Arbitrary Panel Lines

Id

arbitrary-panel-lines

Summary

Surface breaks and panel lines that serve no functional or visual purpose

Severity

medium

Situation

A vehicle design is covered in panel lines, gaps, and surface breaks that don't correspond to functional elements, manufacturing breaks, or access panels. The "greeble" makes the design busy without adding meaning.

Why

Real vehicles have panel lines for specific reasons: manufacturing assembly, maintenance access, functional elements, and aerodynamics. Arbitrary lines create visual noise and feel amateur. They also create problems for texturing (where are the seams?) and damage modeling (what breaks off?).

Panel line purposes:

• Assembly: Where parts are joined in manufacturing
• Access: Doors, hoods, trunk, fuel filler, charging port
• Functional: Vents, intakes, cooling, sensors
• Styling: Character lines that define form

Solution

THE "WHY IS THIS LINE HERE" TEST:

For every panel line, answer one of:

• "This separates manufacturing panels"
• "This is where you access [component]"
• "This is a functional intake/vent for [purpose]"
• "This is a styling line that defines [form]"

If you can't answer, delete the line.

PANEL LINE HIERARCHY:

Primary (visible at distance):

• Door cuts
• Hood/trunk openings
• Major body breaks

Secondary (visible at medium range):

• Vent openings
• Trim separation
• Glass to body transition

Tertiary (close inspection):

• Seam lines
• Small access panels
• Trim clip locations

Design in layers - start with primary, add secondary only where needed, tertiary only for realism passes.

Symptoms

• Design looks "busy" without being detailed
• Can't explain what surfaces are what
• Texturing team confused about material breaks
• Design looks like concept art, not buildable vehicle

Damage State Afterthought

Id

damage-state-afterthought

Summary

No plan for how vehicle takes damage, leading to awkward destruction

Severity

medium

Situation

The vehicle design is final and approved, but when the damage modeler starts work, they discover there's no logical way to damage the vehicle. Panels don't break in sensible places. There's no interior to reveal. Damage looks arbitrary.

Why

In action games, vehicles spend significant time damaged. If damage isn't planned from the beginning, it either looks arbitrary or requires redesigning the vehicle after it's "done." Smart design includes damage logic from the start - panel breaks, interior structure, progressive destruction path.

Damage planning requirements:

• Where do panels break? (defined by panel lines)
• What's revealed when panels are gone? (structure, mechanics)
• What's the destruction sequence? (progressive damage)
• What survives to the end? (silhouette recognition)

Solution

DAMAGE-FIRST DESIGN PROCESS:

1. DEFINE PANEL BREAKS Every panel line is a potential break point Identify 3-5 major panels that detach Identify panels that deform vs. break

2. DESIGN THE SKELETON What's visible when skin is removed? Engine/frame/structure under panels Ensure skeleton is designed, not blank

3. PLAN DESTRUCTION SEQUENCE Level 1: Scratches, small dents Level 2: Panel deformation, broken lights Level 3: Panel separation, exposed mechanics Level 4: Major structural damage Level 5: Destroyed but recognizable

4. PRESERVE SILHOUETTE Even at Level 4-5, vehicle type should be clear Core masses survive destruction Key identifying features remain

DELIVERABLE: Include damage callouts in concept package Show at least 3 damage states in concept art Note which panels detach vs deform

Symptoms

• Damage team requests "damage concepts" after approval
• Damaged vehicles look like unrelated debris
• No visible internal structure when panels are gone
• Destruction doesn't progress logically

Scale Reference Absence

Id

scale-reference-absence

Summary

Vehicle designed without human scale reference, leading to sizing confusion

Severity

medium

Situation

The awesome spacecraft concept is approved and built to spec, then someone puts a human next to it and realizes it's either comically small or building-sized. The design gave no indication of actual scale.

Why

Without scale reference, viewers project their own assumptions. What the designer imagined as fighter-sized might read as bomber-sized to viewers. Doors, windows, and cockpits should imply human occupation and provide scale anchors. Real vehicle designers always include human figures.

Scale anchor elements:

• Door height (2m for comfortable entry)
• Window proportions (head-sized panes)
• Seat spacing (0.5m width per occupant)
• Cockpit volume (human fits inside)
• Step heights (0.3m for comfortable climbing)

Solution

MANDATORY SCALE REFERENCES:

Every vehicle concept MUST include: 1. Human figure in at least one view 2. Door/entry proportions defined 3. Window/cockpit sized for occupants 4. Dimensions noted in meters/feet

SCALE ANCHOR CHECKLIST:

Ground vehicles: [ ] Door height appropriate (1.8-2.2m) [ ] Seat visible through window [ ] Steering wheel/controls scaled to hands [ ] Ground clearance human-accessible

Spacecraft: [ ] Cockpit sized for crew count [ ] Airlock/entry human-proportioned [ ] Window panes indicate scale [ ] Compared to known spacecraft

Military: [ ] Crew stations visible [ ] Entry hatches human-sized [ ] Weapon scale indicates vehicle size [ ] Personnel shown for reference DELIVERABLE: Include human figure silhouettes at 1.8m height in at least side and front views.

Symptoms

• "How big is this supposed to be?" in reviews
• 3D model built at wrong scale
• Interiors don't fit humans when modeled
• Vehicle looks like toy or building unexpectedly

Symmetry Blindness

Id

symmetry-blindness

Summary

Vehicle designed perfectly symmetrical when asymmetry would add interest or function

Severity

low

Situation

Every vehicle in the game's fleet is perfectly symmetrical. While real and intentional for some vehicles, others would benefit from functional asymmetry that the designer never considered. The fleet feels monotonous.

Why

While many vehicles are symmetrical (cars, most aircraft), interesting asymmetry exists for functional reasons: single-seat offset cockpits, weapon mounts, exhaust routing, fuel filler locations. Intentional asymmetry can add character and functionality. A fleet of perfectly symmetrical vehicles feels artificial.

Functional asymmetry examples:

• Driver position (left vs right side markets)
• Fuel filler (always on one side)
• Exhaust routing (especially on mid-engine cars)
• Weapon mounts (coverage angles)
• Access panels (maintenance needs)

Solution

ASYMMETRY CONSIDERATIONS:

Functional asymmetry:

• Driver position (offset cockpits)
• Fuel/charge ports (real location)
• Exhaust termination (routing logic)
• Weapon mounts (firing arcs)
• Entry points (which side faces dock/curb)

Visual asymmetry:

• Slight variations in vents/intakes
• Asymmetric graphics/livery
• Weathering/damage variation
• Accessory placement (antenna, sensors)

WHEN TO USE:

Keep symmetrical:

• Production vehicles (manufacturing)
• Aircraft (balance requirements)
• Racing vehicles (regulations)

Consider asymmetry:

• Military (functional weapon placement)
• Spacecraft (mission-specific loadouts)
• Customs/modified vehicles (character)
• Unique hero vehicles (recognition)

Customization Afterthought

Id

customization-afterthought

Summary

Base design doesn't accommodate player customization, requiring redesign

Severity

medium

Situation

A racing game's vehicle is approved, then the customization team discovers that aftermarket parts don't fit, liveries distort on the complex surfaces, and there's no logical place to mount spoilers. The design must be modified.

Why

In games with customization, the base design must accommodate modification. Panel surfaces need to be livery-friendly. Mounting points need to exist. Wheel wells need clearance for larger wheels. This must be designed in, not retrofitted, or the customization system feels limited and arbitrary.

Customization requirements:

• Body panel surfaces suitable for wraps/liveries
• Defined mounting zones for aftermarket parts
• Wheel well clearance for wheel/tire upgrades
• Logical spoiler/wing attachment points
• Interior visible through windows for upgrades

Solution

CUSTOMIZATION-READY DESIGN:

Body panels:

• Large, relatively flat surfaces for liveries
• Clear panel break definitions for part swaps
• Consistent curvature within panels
• Defined zones: hood, roof, doors, quarters

Mounting zones:

• Trunk lid: spoiler mounting area
• Roof: scoop/intake mount zone
• Bumpers: splitter/diffuser attachment
• Fenders: widebody extension zones

Wheel wells:

• 10-15% oversized from stock wheel
• Fender lips that can be rolled/removed
• Inner fender clearance for camber

DOCUMENTATION: Include customization zone callouts showing:

• Livery-safe surfaces
• Aftermarket part mounting points
• Wheel clearance ranges
• Interior upgrade visibility zones

Symptoms

• Liveries distort on complex surfaces
• Aftermarket parts look pasted on
• Larger wheels clip through fenders
• Customization feels limited

Form Language Inconsistency

Id

form-language-inconsistency

Summary

Mixed visual vocabulary within a single vehicle or across a faction fleet

Severity

medium

Situation

A vehicle has sharp, angular features on the front and soft, rounded features on the rear. Or a game faction's fleet has vehicles with completely different design languages, so they don't feel like they belong together.

Why

Form language is the consistent visual vocabulary that defines identity. Mixing languages within a vehicle creates cognitive dissonance. Mixing languages within a faction creates a fleet that doesn't feel cohesive. Real manufacturers maintain consistency for brand recognition.

Form language elements:

• Edge character (sharp, soft, mixed)
• Surface tension (creased, flowing)
• Graphic shapes (circles, hexagons, triangles)
• Proportion ratios (similar across models)

Solution

FORM LANGUAGE DOCUMENT:

For each faction/manufacturer, define:

1. EDGE CHARACTER [ ] Sharp and angular [ ] Soft and rounded [ ] Mixed with rules (front sharp, sides soft)

2. SURFACE TREATMENT [ ] High tension (sharp creases) [ ] Low tension (flowing surfaces) [ ] Specific crease angles

3. GRAPHIC ELEMENTS List 3-5 signature shapes:

• Primary: ___________
• Secondary: ___________
• Accent: ___________

4. PROPORTION RULES

• Wheel-to-body ratio: ___
• Glasshouse ratio: ___
• Overhang rules: ___

VALIDATION:

• Does new vehicle use defined shapes?
• Does edge character match language?
• Would it be recognized as same manufacturer?
• Silhouette-test the fleet together

Symptoms

• Fleet doesn't look cohesive
• Can't tell which faction vehicle belongs to
• Individual vehicles feel schizophrenic
• Brand identity not recognizable

Vehicle Design - Validations

Vehicle Proportion Check

Id

proportion-verification

Severity

critical

Type

checklist

Description

Verify all fundamental proportions before proceeding to detail work. Bad proportions cannot be fixed with detail - they must be caught early.

When

Before any surface detail work begins

Checklist

• Wheel diameter is correct for vehicle type (35-45% of body height for sports)
• Wheelbase ratio matches archetype (55-65% of total length)
• Ground clearance is intentional and appropriate
• Cabin/glasshouse proportions feel balanced
• Front and rear overhangs are intentional
• Vehicle compared to real reference at same scale
• Proportions reviewed from front, side, rear, and 3/4 views

Fix Action

Revise basic volumes and proportions before proceeding

Approval Gate

Silhouette Readability Test

Id

silhouette-test

Severity

critical

Type

checklist

Description

Verify the vehicle reads clearly at small sizes and distances. The silhouette should communicate vehicle type without any detail.

When

After basic form is established

Checklist

• Vehicle type is identifiable at 100 pixel width
• Silhouette is distinct from other vehicles in the project
• Key features (spoiler, cab, turret) read in silhouette
• Squint test passed - major masses are clear
• Silhouette works from all major viewing angles
• Day/night silhouette readability considered

Fix Action

Strengthen silhouette by exaggerating key proportions and features

Approval Gate

Vehicle Stance Assessment

Id

stance-evaluation

Severity

high

Type

checklist

Description

Verify the vehicle's stance communicates intended character. Stance is how the vehicle "sits" - its attitude and personality.

When

After proportions are approved

Checklist

• Stance archetype is defined (aggressive, planted, nimble, heavy)
• Wheel position creates intended character
• Ride height matches vehicle purpose
• Track width feels appropriate
• Vehicle appears grounded, not floating
• Suspension state looks loaded (not topped out)
• Tire contact patch deformation considered

Fix Action

Adjust wheel position, ride height, and rake to match intended character

Wheel and Tire Design Verification

Id

wheel-design-audit

Severity

high

Type

checklist

Description

Verify wheels are correctly sized, styled, and detailed. Wheels are 30-40% of what makes a vehicle design work.

When

When wheel design is completed

Checklist

• Wheel diameter is correct for vehicle archetype
• Tire sidewall ratio matches vehicle type (low for sports, high for off-road)
• Spoke design matches vehicle character
• Brake visibility appropriate for performance level
• Wheel width proportional to body
• Wheel offset creates correct stance (not too tucked or poked)
• Tread pattern visible if close-up views expected

Fix Action

Redesign wheels to match vehicle character and archetype

Functional Element Verification

Id

functional-aesthetic-check

Severity

high

Type

checklist

Description

Verify all surface details have functional justification. Every vent, intake, and panel line should have a reason to exist.

When

After surface detailing

Checklist

• Every intake has implied airflow destination
• Every vent has implied heat/exhaust source
• Panel lines correspond to assembly, access, or style
• Aerodynamic elements are placed logically
• Can explain the purpose of each major surface feature
• No arbitrary 'greeble' without function
• Functional elements are appropriately sized

Fix Action

Remove arbitrary details, add functional justification to retained elements

Steering Geometry Verification

Id

steering-clearance-check

Severity

critical

Type

checklist

Description

Verify wheel wells accommodate steering articulation. Front wheels must be able to turn to full lock without clipping.

When

Before finalizing front end design

Checklist

• Maximum steering angle defined for vehicle type
• Wheel position at full lock modeled/sketched
• Wheel arch clears wheel at all steering angles
• Inner fender clears wheel at full compression + lock
• No tire-to-body contact at any combination
• Clearance margin documented for modelers

Fix Action

Adjust wheel arch shape to accommodate steering geometry

Applies To

• ground_vehicles
• wheeled_military

Scale Reference Inclusion

Id

scale-reference-verification

Severity

high

Type

checklist

Description

Verify human scale reference is included in design documentation. Without scale reference, 3D modelers cannot size the vehicle correctly.

When

Before concept approval

Checklist

• Human figure included in at least one concept view
• Door/entry height indicates human access
• Cockpit/cabin sized for intended occupants
• Dimensions noted in meters or feet
• Window proportions suggest human scale
• Compared to known vehicles for reference

Fix Action

Add human silhouettes and dimension callouts to concept

Damage State Documentation

Id

damage-state-planning

Severity

medium

Type

checklist

Description

Verify damage progression is planned from the initial design. Panel breaks, structure reveal, and destruction sequence defined.

When

Before concept approval for action game vehicles

Checklist

• Panel break locations defined
• Detachable vs deformable panels identified
• Internal structure designed (visible when damaged)
• At least 3 damage states sketched
• Destruction sequence is logical (front-to-rear for crashes)
• Silhouette remains recognizable when heavily damaged
• Fire/explosion effect placement noted

Fix Action

Add damage state concepts and panel break documentation

Applies To

• combat_vehicles
• racing_vehicles
• any_destructible

Interior/Cockpit Design Verification

Id

cockpit-interior-check

Severity

medium

Type

checklist

Description

Verify interior design matches exterior character and era. Interior technology level and style must be consistent.

When

When interior concepts are completed

Checklist

• Technology level matches exterior era
• Material quality matches exterior tier (economy vs luxury)
• Instrument style matches vehicle purpose
• Controls are appropriate for vehicle function
• Driver/pilot visibility is adequate
• Seating position makes sense for vehicle type
• HUD integration zones defined (for game UI)

Fix Action

Redesign interior to match exterior character and technology level

Applies To

• player_vehicles
• cockpit_view_vehicles

Customization Compatibility Check

Id

customization-readiness

Severity

medium

Type

checklist

Description

Verify base design accommodates player customization. Body panels, mounting points, and wheel wells must support mods.

When

Before approval for customizable vehicles

Checklist

• Body panels have livery-friendly surfaces
• Spoiler/wing mounting points defined
• Bumper/fascia can be swapped
• Wheel wells have clearance for larger wheels
• Widebody extension zones identified
• Interior visible through windows (for interior mods)
• Graphics zones documented for wrap designers

Fix Action

Modify surfaces and add mounting zone documentation

Applies To

• racing_game_vehicles
• customizable_vehicles

Sci-Fi Propulsion Logic Verification

Id

sci-fi-plausibility-check

Severity

high

Type

checklist

Description

Verify fictional vehicles have internal logic for propulsion and function. Even fantasy technology should have visible, logical placement.

When

Designing spacecraft, hover vehicles, or mechs

Checklist

• Main propulsion is visible and logically placed
• Maneuvering thrusters are in paired positions
• Power source/fuel is implied (volume allocation)
• Exhaust/emissions have outlet paths
• Weapons have clear firing arcs without self-damage
• Crew access is human-scaled and reachable
• Designer can explain 'how it works'

Fix Action

Add visible propulsion elements and rationalize layout

Applies To

• spacecraft
• hover_vehicles
• mechs
• futuristic_vehicles

Form Language Consistency Check

Id

form-language-consistency

Severity

medium

Type

checklist

Description

Verify consistent visual vocabulary within vehicle and across fleet. Edge character, surface treatment, and graphic elements should match.

When

Before fleet/faction vehicle approval

Checklist

• Edge character is consistent (all sharp, all soft, or documented mix)
• Surface tension is consistent
• Graphic elements repeat from manufacturer guide
• Proportion ratios follow manufacturer rules
• Vehicle is recognizable as part of faction/brand
• Silhouette-tested alongside fleet siblings

Fix Action

Revise elements that break form language rules

Applies To

• faction_vehicles
• manufacturer_lineups