Nemo Curator

# Deduplication Guide

Complete guide to exact, fuzzy, and semantic deduplication.

## Exact deduplication

Remove documents with identical content.

```python
from nemo_curator.modules import ExactDuplicates

# Exact deduplication
exact_dedup = ExactDuplicates(
    id_field="id",
    text_field="text",
    hash_method="md5"  # or "sha256"
)

deduped = exact_dedup(dataset)
```

**Performance**: ~16× faster on GPU vs CPU

## Fuzzy deduplication

Remove near-duplicate documents using MinHash + LSH.

```python
from nemo_curator.modules import FuzzyDuplicates

fuzzy_dedup = FuzzyDuplicates(
    id_field="id",
    text_field="text",
    num_hashes=260,        # MinHash permutations (more = accurate)
    num_buckets=20,        # LSH buckets (more = faster, less recall)
    hash_method="md5",
    jaccard_threshold=0.8  # Similarity threshold
)

deduped = fuzzy_dedup(dataset)
```

**Parameters**:
- `num_hashes`: 128-512 (default 260)
- `num_buckets`: 10-50 (default 20)
- `jaccard_threshold`: 0.7-0.9 (default 0.8)

**Performance**: 16× faster on 8TB dataset (120h → 7.5h)

## Semantic deduplication

Remove semantically similar documents using embeddings.

```python
from nemo_curator.modules import SemanticDuplicates

semantic_dedup = SemanticDuplicates(
    id_field="id",
    text_field="text",
    embedding_model="sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2",
    embedding_batch_size=256,
    threshold=0.85,  # Cosine similarity threshold
    device="cuda"
)

deduped = semantic_dedup(dataset)
```

**Models**:
- `all-MiniLM-L6-v2`: Fast, 384 dims
- `all-mpnet-base-v2`: Better quality, 768 dims
- Custom models supported

## Comparison

| Method | Speed | Recall | Use Case |
|--------|-------|--------|----------|
| Exact | Fastest | 100% | Exact matches only |
| Fuzzy | Fast | ~95% | Near-duplicates (recommended) |
| Semantic | Slow | ~90% | Paraphrases, rewrites |

## Best practices

1. **Start with exact dedup** - Remove obvious duplicates
2. **Use fuzzy for large datasets** - Best speed/quality trade-off
3. **Semantic for high-value data** - Expensive but thorough
4. **GPU acceleration required** - 10-16× speedup


# Quality Filtering Guide

Complete guide to NeMo Curator's 30+ quality filters.

## Text-based filters

### Word count

```python
from nemo_curator.filters import WordCountFilter

# Filter by word count
dataset = dataset.filter(WordCountFilter(min_words=50, max_words=100000))
```

### Repeated content

```python
from nemo_curator.filters import RepeatedLinesFilter

# Remove documents with >30% repeated lines
dataset = dataset.filter(RepeatedLinesFilter(max_repeated_line_fraction=0.3))
```

### Symbol ratio

```python
from nemo_curator.filters import SymbolToWordRatioFilter

# Remove documents with too many symbols
dataset = dataset.filter(SymbolToWordRatioFilter(max_symbol_to_word_ratio=0.3))
```

### URL ratio

```python
from nemo_curator.filters import UrlRatioFilter

# Remove documents with many URLs
dataset = dataset.filter(UrlRatioFilter(max_url_ratio=0.2))
```

## Language filtering

```python
from nemo_curator.filters import LanguageIdentificationFilter

# Keep only English documents
dataset = dataset.filter(LanguageIdentificationFilter(target_languages=["en"]))

# Multiple languages
dataset = dataset.filter(LanguageIdentificationFilter(target_languages=["en", "es", "fr"]))
```

## Classifier-based filtering

### Quality classifier

```python
from nemo_curator.classifiers import QualityClassifier

quality_clf = QualityClassifier(
    model_path="nvidia/quality-classifier-deberta",
    batch_size=256,
    device="cuda"
)

# Filter low-quality (threshold > 0.5 = high quality)
dataset = dataset.filter(lambda doc: quality_clf(doc["text"]) > 0.5)
```

### NSFW classifier

```python
from nemo_curator.classifiers import NSFWClassifier

nsfw_clf = NSFWClassifier(threshold=0.9, device="cuda")

# Remove NSFW content
dataset = dataset.filter(lambda doc: nsfw_clf(doc["text"]) < 0.9)
```

## Heuristic filters

Full list of 30+ filters