Tsdown

tsdown - The Elegant Library Bundler

Blazing-fast bundler for TypeScript/JavaScript libraries powered by Rolldown and Oxc.

When to Use

• Building TypeScript/JavaScript libraries for npm
• Generating TypeScript declaration files (.d.ts)
• Bundling for multiple formats (ESM, CJS, IIFE, UMD)
• Optimizing bundles with tree shaking and minification
• Migrating from tsup with minimal changes
• Building React, Vue, Solid, or Svelte component libraries

Quick Start

# Install
pnpm add -D tsdown

# Basic usage
npx tsdown

# With config file
npx tsdown --config tsdown.config.ts

# Watch mode
npx tsdown --watch

# Migrate from tsup
npx tsdown-migrate

Basic Configuration

import {defineConfig} from 'tsdown'

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['./src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
  clean: true,
})

Core References

Build Options

Dependency Handling

Output Enhancement

Framework & Runtime Support

Common Patterns

Basic Library Bundle

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
  clean: true,
})

Multiple Entry Points

export default defineConfig({
  entry: {
    index: 'src/index.ts',
    utils: 'src/utils.ts',
    cli: 'src/cli.ts',
  },
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
})

Browser Library (IIFE/UMD)

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['iife'],
  globalName: 'MyLib',
  platform: 'browser',
  minify: true,
})

React Component Library

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.tsx'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
  deps: {
    neverBundle: ['react', 'react-dom'],
  },
  inputOptions: {
    jsx: {runtime: 'automatic'},
  },
})

Preserve Directory Structure

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/**/*.ts', '!**/*.test.ts'],
  unbundle: true, // Preserve file structure
  format: ['esm'],
  dts: true,
})

CI-Aware Configuration

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
  failOnWarn: 'ci-only', // opt-in: fail on warnings in CI
  publint: 'ci-only',
  attw: 'ci-only',
})

WASM Support

import {wasm} from 'rolldown-plugin-wasm'
import {defineConfig} from 'tsdown'

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  plugins: [wasm()],
})

Library with CSS and Sass

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
  target: 'chrome100',
  css: {
    preprocessorOptions: {
      scss: {
        additionalData: `@use "src/styles/variables" as *;`,
      },
    },
  },
})

Standalone Executable

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/cli.ts'],
  exe: true,
})

Cross-Platform Executable (requires @tsdown/exe)

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/cli.ts'],
  exe: {
    targets: [
      {platform: 'linux', arch: 'x64', nodeVersion: '25.7.0'},
      {platform: 'darwin', arch: 'arm64', nodeVersion: '25.7.0'},
      {platform: 'win', arch: 'x64', nodeVersion: '25.7.0'},
    ],
  },
})

Advanced with Hooks

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
  hooks: {
    'build:before': async (context) => {
      console.log('Building...')
    },
    'build:done': async (context) => {
      console.log('Build complete!')
    },
  },
})

Configuration Features

Multiple Configs

Export an array for multiple build configurations:

export default defineConfig([
  {
    entry: ['src/index.ts'],
    format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
    dts: true,
  },
  {
    entry: ['src/cli.ts'],
    format: ['esm'],
    platform: 'node',
  },
])

Conditional Config

Use functions for dynamic configuration:

export default defineConfig((options) => {
  const isDev = options.watch
  return {
    entry: ['src/index.ts'],
    format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
    minify: !isDev,
    sourcemap: isDev,
  }
})

Workspace/Monorepo

Use glob patterns to build multiple packages:

export default defineConfig({
  workspace: 'packages/*',
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
})

CLI Quick Reference

# Basic commands
tsdown                          # Build once
tsdown --watch                  # Watch mode
tsdown --config custom.ts       # Custom config
npx tsdown-migrate              # Migrate from tsup

# Output options
tsdown --format esm,cjs        # Multiple formats
tsdown -d lib                  # Custom output directory (--out-dir)
tsdown --minify                # Enable minification
tsdown --dts                   # Generate declarations
tsdown --exe                   # Bundle as standalone executable
tsdown --unbundle              # Bundleless mode

# Entry options
tsdown src/index.ts            # Single entry
tsdown src/*.ts                # Glob patterns
tsdown src/a.ts src/b.ts       # Multiple entries

# Workspace / Monorepo
tsdown -W                      # Enable workspace mode
tsdown -W -F my-package        # Filter specific package
tsdown --filter /^pkg-/        # Filter by regex

# Development
tsdown --watch                 # Watch mode
tsdown --sourcemap             # Generate source maps
tsdown --clean                 # Clean output directory
tsdown --from-vite             # Reuse Vite config
tsdown --tsconfig tsconfig.build.json  # Custom tsconfig

Best Practices

1. Always generate type declarations for TypeScript libraries:

   {
     dts: true
   }

2. Externalize dependencies to avoid bundling unnecessary code:

   {
     deps: {
       neverBundle: [/^react/, /^@myorg\//]
     }
   }

3. Use tree shaking for optimal bundle size:

   {
     treeshake: true
   }

4. Enable minification for production builds:

   {
     minify: true
   }

5. Add shims for better ESM/CJS compatibility:

   {
     shims: true
   } // Adds __dirname, __filename, etc.

6. Auto-generate package.json exports:

   {
     exports: true
   } // Creates proper exports field

7. Use watch mode during development:

   tsdown --watch

8. Preserve structure for utilities with many files:

   {
     unbundle: true
   } // Keep directory structure

9. Validate packages in CI before publishing:

   { publint: 'ci-only', attw: 'ci-only' }

Resources

• Documentation: https://tsdown.dev
• GitHub: https://github.com/rolldown/tsdown
• Rolldown: https://rolldown.rs
• Migration Guide: https://tsdown.dev/guide/migrate-from-tsup

The MIT License (MIT)

Copyright (c) 2025-present VoidZero Inc. & Contributors Copyright (c) 2024 Kevin Deng (https://github.com/sxzz)

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

tsdown Skills for Claude Code

Agent skills that help Claude Code understand and work with tsdown, the elegant library bundler.

Installation

npx skills add rolldown/tsdown

This will add the tsdown skill to your Claude Code configuration.

What's Included

The tsdown skill provides Claude Code with knowledge about:

• Core Concepts - What tsdown is, why use it, key features
• Configuration - Config file formats, options, multiple configs, workspace support
• Build Options - Entry points, output formats, type declarations, targets
• Dependency Handling - External/inline dependencies, auto-externalization
• Output Enhancement - Shims, CJS defaults, package exports
• Framework Support - React, Vue, Solid, Svelte integration
• Advanced Features - Plugins, hooks, programmatic API, Rolldown options
• CLI Commands - All CLI options and usage patterns
• Migration - Migrating from tsup to tsdown

Usage

Once installed, Claude Code will automatically use tsdown knowledge when:

• Building TypeScript/JavaScript libraries
• Configuring bundlers for library projects
• Setting up type declaration generation
• Working with multi-format builds (ESM, CJS, IIFE, UMD)
• Migrating from tsup
• Building framework component libraries

Example Prompts

Set up tsdown to build my TypeScript library with ESM and CJS formats

Configure tsdown to generate type declarations and bundle for browsers

Add React support to my tsdown config with Fast Refresh

Help me migrate from tsup to tsdown

Set up a monorepo build with tsdown workspace support

Documentation

• tsdown Documentation
• GitHub Repository
• Rolldown
• Migration Guide

License

MIT

Benchmark

tsdown delivers exceptional performance:

• ~2x faster than tsup for standard builds
• Up to 8x faster for TypeScript declaration generation

For detailed comparisons, see bundler-benchmark.

CI Environment Support

Automatically detect CI environments and toggle features based on local vs CI builds.

Overview

tsdown uses the `is-in-ci` package to detect CI environments. This covers GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, Jenkins, CircleCI, Travis CI, and more.

CI-Aware Values

Several options accept CI-aware string values:

Supported Options

These options accept CI-aware values:

• dts - TypeScript declaration file generation
• publint - Package lint validation
• attw - "Are the types wrong" validation
• report - Bundle size reporting
• exports - Auto-generate package.json exports
• unused - Unused dependency check
• devtools - DevTools integration
• failOnWarn - Fail on warnings (defaults to false)

Usage

String Form

export default defineConfig({
  dts: 'local-only', // Skip DTS in CI for faster builds
  publint: 'ci-only', // Only run publint in CI
  failOnWarn: 'ci-only', // Fail on warnings in CI only (opt-in)
})

Object Form

When an option takes a configuration object, set enabled to a CI-aware value:

export default defineConfig({
  publint: {
    enabled: 'ci-only',
    level: 'error',
  },
  attw: {
    enabled: 'ci-only',
    profile: 'node16',
  },
})

Config Function

The config function receives a ci boolean in its context:

export default defineConfig((_, {ci}) => ({
  minify: ci,
  sourcemap: !ci,
}))

Typical CI Configuration

export default defineConfig({
  entry: 'src/index.ts',
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
  failOnWarn: 'ci-only',
  publint: 'ci-only',
  attw: 'ci-only',
})

Related Options

• Package Validation - publint and attw configuration
• Log Level - failOnWarn option details

Lifecycle Hooks

Extend the build process with lifecycle hooks.

Overview

Hooks provide a way to inject custom logic at specific stages of the build lifecycle. Inspired by unbuild.

Recommendation: Use plugins for most extensions. Use hooks for simple custom tasks or Rolldown plugin injection.

Usage Patterns

Object Syntax

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  hooks: {
    'build:prepare': async (context) => {
      console.log('Build starting...')
    },
    'build:done': async (context) => {
      console.log('Build complete!')
    },
  },
})

Function Syntax

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  hooks(hooks) {
    hooks.hook('build:prepare', () => {
      console.log('Preparing build...')
    })

    hooks.hook('build:before', (context) => {
      console.log(`Building format: ${context.format}`)
    })
  },
})

Available Hooks

build:prepare

Called before the build process starts.

When: Once per build session

Context:

{
  options: ResolvedConfig,
  hooks: Hookable
}

Use cases:

• Setup tasks
• Validation
• Environment preparation

Example:

hooks: {
  'build:prepare': async (context) => {
    console.log('Starting build for:', context.options.entry)
    await cleanOldFiles()
  },
}

build:before

Called before each Rolldown build.

When: Once per format (ESM, CJS, etc.)

Context:

{
  options: ResolvedConfig,
  buildOptions: BuildOptions,
  hooks: Hookable
}

Use cases:

• Modify build options per format
• Inject plugins dynamically
• Format-specific setup

Example:

hooks: {
  'build:before': async (context) => {
    console.log(`Building ${context.buildOptions.format} format...`)

    // Add format-specific plugin
    if (context.buildOptions.format === 'iife') {
      context.buildOptions.plugins.push(browserPlugin())
    }
  },
}

build:done

Called after the build completes.

When: Once per build session

Context:

{
  options: ResolvedConfig,
  chunks: RolldownChunk[],
  hooks: Hookable
}

Use cases:

• Post-processing
• Asset copying
• Notifications
• Deployment

Example:

hooks: {
  'build:done': async (context) => {
    console.log(`Built ${context.chunks.length} chunks`)

    // Copy additional files
    await copyAssets()

    // Send notification
    notifyBuildComplete()
  },
}

Common Patterns

Build Notifications

export default defineConfig({
  hooks: {
    'build:prepare': () => {
      console.log('🚀 Starting build...')
    },
    'build:done': (context) => {
      const size = context.chunks.reduce((sum, c) => sum + c.code.length, 0)
      console.log(`✅ Build complete! Total size: ${size} bytes`)
    },
  },
})

Conditional Plugin Injection

export default defineConfig({
  hooks(hooks) {
    hooks.hook('build:before', (context) => {
      // Add minification only for production
      if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production') {
        context.buildOptions.plugins.push(minifyPlugin())
      }
    })
  },
})

Custom File Copy

import {copyFile} from 'fs/promises'

export default defineConfig({
  hooks: {
    'build:done': async (context) => {
      // Copy README to dist
      await copyFile('README.md', `${context.options.outDir}/README.md`)
    },
  },
})

Build Metrics

export default defineConfig({
  hooks: {
    'build:prepare': (context) => {
      context.startTime = Date.now()
    },
    'build:done': (context) => {
      const duration = Date.now() - context.startTime
      console.log(`Build took ${duration}ms`)

      // Log chunk sizes
      context.chunks.forEach((chunk) => {
        console.log(`${chunk.fileName}: ${chunk.code.length} bytes`)
      })
    },
  },
})

Format-Specific Logic

export default defineConfig({
  format: ['esm', 'cjs', 'iife'],
  hooks: {
    'build:before': (context) => {
      const format = context.buildOptions.format

      if (format === 'iife') {
        // Browser-specific setup
        context.buildOptions.globalName = 'MyLib'
      } else if (format === 'cjs') {
        // Node-specific setup
        context.buildOptions.platform = 'node'
      }
    },
  },
})

Deployment Hook

export default defineConfig({
  hooks: {
    'build:done': async (context) => {
      if (process.env.DEPLOY === 'true') {
        console.log('Deploying to CDN...')
        await deployToCDN(context.options.outDir)
      }
    },
  },
})

Advanced Usage

Multiple Hooks

export default defineConfig({
  hooks(hooks) {
    // Register multiple hooks
    hooks.hook('build:prepare', setupEnvironment)
    hooks.hook('build:prepare', validateConfig)

    hooks.hook('build:before', injectPlugins)
    hooks.hook('build:before', logFormat)

    hooks.hook('build:done', generateManifest)
    hooks.hook('build:done', notifyComplete)
  },
})

Async Hooks

export default defineConfig({
  hooks: {
    'build:prepare': async (context) => {
      await fetchRemoteConfig()
      await initializeDatabase()
    },
    'build:done': async (context) => {
      await uploadToS3(context.chunks)
      await invalidateCDN()
    },
  },
})

Error Handling

export default defineConfig({
  hooks: {
    'build:done': async (context) => {
      try {
        await riskyOperation()
      } catch (error) {
        console.error('Hook failed:', error)
        // Don't throw - allow build to complete
      }
    },
  },
})

Hookable API

tsdown uses hookable for hooks. Additional methods:

export default defineConfig({
  hooks(hooks) {
    // Register hook
    hooks.hook('build:done', handler)

    // Register hook once
    hooks.hookOnce('build:prepare', handler)

    // Remove hook
    hooks.removeHook('build:done', handler)

    // Clear all hooks for event
    hooks.removeHooks('build:done')

    // Call hooks manually
    await hooks.callHook('build:done', context)
  },
})

Tips

1. Use plugins for most extensions 2. Hooks for simple tasks like notifications or file copying 3. Async hooks supported for I/O operations 4. Don't throw errors unless you want to fail the build 5. Context is mutable in build:before for advanced use cases 6. Multiple hooks allowed for the same event

Troubleshooting

Hook Not Called

• Verify hook name is correct
• Check hook is registered in config
• Ensure async hooks are awaited

Build Fails in Hook

• Add try/catch for error handling
• Don't throw unless intentional
• Log errors for debugging

Context Undefined

• Check which hook you're using
• Verify context properties available for that hook

Related

• Plugins - Plugin system
• Rolldown Options - Build options
• Watch Mode - Development workflow

Plugins

Extend tsdown with plugins from multiple ecosystems.

Overview

tsdown, built on Rolldown, supports plugins from multiple ecosystems to extend and customize the bundling process.

Supported Ecosystems

1. Rolldown Plugins

Native plugins designed for Rolldown:

import RolldownPlugin from 'rolldown-plugin-something'

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [RolldownPlugin()],
})

Compatibility: ✅ Full support

2. Unplugin

Universal plugins that work across bundlers:

import UnpluginPlugin from 'unplugin-something'

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [UnpluginPlugin.rolldown()],
})

Compatibility: ✅ Most unplugin-\* plugins work

Examples:

• unplugin-vue-components
• unplugin-auto-import
• unplugin-icons

3. Rollup Plugins

Most Rollup plugins work with tsdown:

import RollupPlugin from '@rollup/plugin-something'

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [RollupPlugin()],
})

Compatibility: ✅ High compatibility

Type Issues: May cause TypeScript errors - use type casting:

import RollupPlugin from 'rollup-plugin-something'

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [
    // @ts-expect-error Rollup plugin type mismatch
    RollupPlugin(),
    // Or cast to any
    RollupPlugin() as any,
  ],
})

4. Vite Plugins

Some Vite plugins may work:

import VitePlugin from 'vite-plugin-something'

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [
    // @ts-expect-error Vite plugin type mismatch
    VitePlugin(),
  ],
})

Compatibility: ⚠️ Limited - only if not using Vite-specific APIs

Note: Improved support planned for future releases.

Usage

Basic Plugin Usage

import {defineConfig} from 'tsdown'
import SomePlugin from 'some-plugin'

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  plugins: [SomePlugin()],
})

Multiple Plugins

import PluginA from 'plugin-a'
import PluginB from 'plugin-b'
import PluginC from 'plugin-c'

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  plugins: [PluginA(), PluginB({option: true}), PluginC()],
})

Conditional Plugins

export default defineConfig((options) => ({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  plugins: [SomePlugin(), options.watch && DevPlugin(), !options.watch && ProdPlugin()].filter(
    Boolean,
  ),
}))

Common Plugin Patterns

JSON Import

import json from '@rollup/plugin-json'

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [json()],
})

Node Resolve

import {nodeResolve} from '@rollup/plugin-node-resolve'

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [nodeResolve()],
})

CommonJS

import commonjs from '@rollup/plugin-commonjs'

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [commonjs()],
})

Replace

import replace from '@rollup/plugin-replace'

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [
    replace({
      'process.env.NODE_ENV': JSON.stringify('production'),
      '__VERSION__': JSON.stringify('1.0.0'),
    }),
  ],
})

Auto Import

import AutoImport from 'unplugin-auto-import/rolldown'

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [
    AutoImport({
      imports: ['vue', 'vue-router'],
      dts: 'src/auto-imports.d.ts',
    }),
  ],
})

Vue Components

import Components from 'unplugin-vue-components/rolldown'

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [
    Components({
      dts: 'src/components.d.ts',
    }),
  ],
})

Framework-Specific Plugins

React

import react from '@vitejs/plugin-react'

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.tsx'],
  plugins: [
    // @ts-expect-error Vite plugin
    react(),
  ],
})

Vue

import vue from '@vitejs/plugin-vue'

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  plugins: [
    // @ts-expect-error Vite plugin
    vue(),
  ],
})

Solid

import solid from 'vite-plugin-solid'

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.tsx'],
  plugins: [
    // @ts-expect-error Vite plugin
    solid(),
  ],
})

Svelte

import {svelte} from '@sveltejs/vite-plugin-svelte'

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  plugins: [
    // @ts-expect-error Vite plugin
    svelte(),
  ],
})

Writing Custom Plugins

Follow Rolldown's plugin development guide:

Basic Plugin Structure

import type {Plugin} from 'rolldown'

function myPlugin(): Plugin {
  return {
    name: 'my-plugin',

    // Transform hook
    transform(code, id) {
      if (id.endsWith('.custom')) {
        return {
          code: transformCode(code),
          map: null,
        }
      }
    },

    // Other hooks...
  }
}

Using Custom Plugin

import {myPlugin} from './my-plugin'

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [myPlugin()],
})

Plugin Configuration

Plugin-Specific Options

Refer to each plugin's documentation for configuration options.

Plugin Order

Plugins run in the order they're defined:

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [
    PluginA(), // Runs first
    PluginB(), // Runs second
    PluginC(), // Runs last
  ],
})

Troubleshooting

Type Errors with Rollup/Vite Plugins

Use type casting:

plugins: [
  // Option 1: @ts-expect-error
  // @ts-expect-error Plugin type mismatch
  SomePlugin(),

  // Option 2: as any
  SomePlugin() as any,
]

Plugin Not Working

1. Check compatibility - Verify plugin supports your bundler 2. Read documentation - Follow plugin's setup instructions 3. Check plugin order - Some plugins depend on execution order 4. Enable debug mode - Use --debug flag

Vite Plugin Fails

Vite plugins may rely on Vite-specific APIs:

1. Find Rollup equivalent - Look for Rollup version of plugin 2. Use Unplugin version - Check for unplugin-* alternative 3. Wait for support - Vite plugin support improving

Resources

• Rolldown Plugin Development
• Unplugin Documentation
• Rollup Plugins
• Vite Plugins

Tips

1. Prefer Rolldown plugins for best compatibility 2. Use Unplugin for cross-bundler support 3. Cast types for Rollup/Vite plugins 4. Test thoroughly when using cross-ecosystem plugins 5. Check plugin docs for specific configuration 6. Write custom plugins for unique needs

Related

• Hooks - Lifecycle hooks
• Rolldown Options - Advanced Rolldown config
• React Recipe - React setup with plugins
• Vue Recipe - Vue setup with plugins

Programmatic Usage

Use tsdown from JavaScript/TypeScript code.

Overview

tsdown can be imported and used programmatically in your Node.js scripts, custom build tools, or automation workflows.

Basic Usage

Simple Build

import {build} from 'tsdown'

await build({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
})

With Options

import {build} from 'tsdown'

await build({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  outDir: 'dist',
  dts: true,
  minify: true,
  sourcemap: true,
  clean: true,
})

API Reference

build()

Main function to run a build.

import {build} from 'tsdown'

await build(options)

Parameters:

• options - Build configuration object (same as config file)

Returns:

• Promise<void> - Resolves when build completes

Throws:

• Build errors if compilation fails

Configuration Object

All config file options are available:

import {build, defineConfig} from 'tsdown'

const config = defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
  minify: true,
  sourcemap: true,
  deps: {
    neverBundle: ['react', 'react-dom'],
  },
  plugins: [
    /* plugins */
  ],
  hooks: {
    'build:done': async () => {
      console.log('Build complete!')
    },
  },
})

await build(config)

See Config Reference for all options.

Common Patterns

Custom Build Script

// scripts/build.ts
import {build} from 'tsdown'

async function main() {
  console.log('Building library...')

  await build({
    entry: ['src/index.ts'],
    format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
    dts: true,
    clean: true,
  })

  console.log('Build complete!')
}

main().catch(console.error)

Run with:

tsx scripts/build.ts

Multiple Builds

import {build} from 'tsdown'

// Build main library
await build({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  outDir: 'dist',
  dts: true,
})

// Build CLI tool
await build({
  entry: ['src/cli.ts'],
  format: ['esm'],
  outDir: 'dist/bin',
  platform: 'node',
  shims: true,
})

Conditional Build

import {build} from 'tsdown'

const isDev = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development'

await build({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  minify: !isDev,
  sourcemap: isDev,
  clean: !isDev,
})

With Error Handling

import {build} from 'tsdown'

try {
  await build({
    entry: ['src/index.ts'],
    format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
    dts: true,
  })
  console.log('✅ Build successful')
} catch (error) {
  console.error('❌ Build failed:', error)
  process.exit(1)
}

Automated Workflow

import {build} from 'tsdown'
import {execSync} from 'child_process'

async function release() {
  // Clean
  console.log('Cleaning...')
  execSync('rm -rf dist')

  // Build
  console.log('Building...')
  await build({
    entry: ['src/index.ts'],
    format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
    dts: true,
    minify: true,
  })

  // Test
  console.log('Testing...')
  execSync('npm test')

  // Publish
  console.log('Publishing...')
  execSync('npm publish')
}

release().catch(console.error)

Build with Post-Processing

import {build} from 'tsdown'
import {copyFileSync} from 'fs'

await build({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
  hooks: {
    'build:done': async () => {
      // Copy additional files
      copyFileSync('README.md', 'dist/README.md')
      copyFileSync('LICENSE', 'dist/LICENSE')
      console.log('Copied additional files')
    },
  },
})

Watch Mode

Unfortunately, watch mode is not directly exposed in the programmatic API. Use the CLI for watch mode:

// Use CLI for watch mode
import {spawn} from 'child_process'

spawn('tsdown', ['--watch'], {
  stdio: 'inherit',
  shell: true,
})

Integration Examples

With Task Runner

// gulpfile.js
import {build} from 'tsdown'
import gulp from 'gulp'

gulp.task('build', async () => {
  await build({
    entry: ['src/index.ts'],
    format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
    dts: true,
  })
})

gulp.task('watch', () => {
  return gulp.watch('src/**/*.ts', gulp.series('build'))
})

With Custom CLI

// scripts/cli.ts
import {build} from 'tsdown'
import {Command} from 'commander'

const program = new Command()

program
  .command('build')
  .option('--prod', 'Production build')
  .action(async (options) => {
    await build({
      entry: ['src/index.ts'],
      format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
      minify: options.prod,
      sourcemap: !options.prod,
    })
  })

program.parse()

With CI/CD

// .github/scripts/build.ts
import {build} from 'tsdown'

const isCI = process.env.CI === 'true'

await build({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
  minify: isCI,
  clean: true,
})

// Upload to artifact storage
if (isCI) {
  // Upload dist/ to S3, etc.
}

TypeScript Support

// scripts/build.ts
import {build, type UserConfig} from 'tsdown'

const config: UserConfig = {
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
}

await build(config)

Tips

1. Use TypeScript for type safety 2. Handle errors properly 3. Use hooks for custom logic 4. Log progress for visibility 5. Use CLI for watch mode 6. Exit on error in scripts

Troubleshooting

Import Errors

Ensure tsdown is installed:

pnpm add -D tsdown

Type Errors

Import types:

import type {UserConfig} from 'tsdown'

Build Fails Silently

Add error handling:

try {
  await build(config)
} catch (error) {
  console.error(error)
  process.exit(1)
}

Options Not Working

Check spelling and types:

// ✅ Correct
{
  format: ['esm', 'cjs']
}

// ❌ Wrong
{
  formats: ['esm', 'cjs']
}

Related

• Config File - Configuration options
• Hooks - Lifecycle hooks
• CLI - Command-line interface
• Plugins - Plugin system

Customizing Rolldown Options

Pass options directly to the underlying Rolldown bundler.

Overview

tsdown uses Rolldown as its core bundling engine. You can override Rolldown's input and output options directly for fine-grained control.

Warning: You should be familiar with Rolldown's behavior before overriding options. Refer to the Rolldown Config Options documentation.

Input Options

Using an Object

export default defineConfig({
  inputOptions: {
    cwd: './custom-directory',
  },
})

Using a Function

Dynamically modify options based on the output format:

export default defineConfig({
  inputOptions(inputOptions, format) {
    inputOptions.cwd = './custom-directory'
    return inputOptions
  },
})

Output Options

Using an Object

export default defineConfig({
  outputOptions: {
    legalComments: 'inline',
  },
})

Using a Function

export default defineConfig({
  outputOptions(outputOptions, format) {
    if (format === 'esm') {
      outputOptions.legalComments = 'inline'
    }
    return outputOptions
  },
})

Common Use Cases

Preserve Legal Comments

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  outputOptions: {
    legalComments: 'inline',
  },
})

Custom Working Directory

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  inputOptions: {
    cwd: './packages/my-lib',
  },
})

Format-Specific Options

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  outputOptions(outputOptions, format) {
    if (format === 'esm') {
      outputOptions.legalComments = 'inline'
    }
    return outputOptions
  },
})

When to Use

• When tsdown doesn't expose a specific Rolldown option
• For format-specific Rolldown customizations
• For advanced bundling scenarios

Tips

1. Read Rolldown docs before overriding options 2. Use functions for format-specific customization 3. Test thoroughly when overriding defaults 4. Prefer tsdown options when available (e.g., use minify instead of setting it via outputOptions)

Related

• Plugins - Plugin system
• Hooks - Lifecycle hooks
• Config File - Configuration options

Getting Started

Quick guide to installing and using tsdown for the first time.

Installation

Install tsdown as a development dependency:

pnpm add -D tsdown

# Optionally install TypeScript if not using isolatedDeclarations
pnpm add -D typescript

Requirements:

• Node.js 20.19 or higher
• Experimental support for Deno and Bun

Quick Start Templates

Use create-tsdown CLI for instant setup:

pnpm create tsdown@latest

Provides templates for:

• Pure TypeScript libraries
• React component libraries
• Vue component libraries
• Ready-to-use configurations

First Bundle

1. Create Source Files

// src/index.ts
import {hello} from './hello.ts'
hello()

// src/hello.ts
export function hello() {
  console.log('Hello tsdown!')
}

2. Create Config File

// tsdown.config.ts
import {defineConfig} from 'tsdown'

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['./src/index.ts'],
})

3. Run Build

./node_modules/.bin/tsdown

Output: dist/index.mjs

4. Test Output

node dist/index.mjs
# Output: Hello tsdown!

Add to npm Scripts

{
  "scripts": {
    "build": "tsdown"
  }
}

Run with:

pnpm build

CLI Commands

# Check version
tsdown --version

# View help
tsdown --help

# Build with watch mode
tsdown --watch

# Build with specific format
tsdown --format esm,cjs

# Generate type declarations
tsdown --dts

Basic Configurations

TypeScript Library (ESM + CJS)

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
  clean: true,
})

Browser Library (IIFE)

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['iife'],
  globalName: 'MyLib',
  platform: 'browser',
  minify: true,
})

Multiple Entry Points

export default defineConfig({
  entry: {
    index: 'src/index.ts',
    utils: 'src/utils.ts',
    cli: 'src/cli.ts',
  },
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
})

Using Plugins

Add Rolldown, Rollup, or Unplugin plugins:

import SomePlugin from 'some-plugin'

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  plugins: [SomePlugin()],
})

Watch Mode

Enable automatic rebuilds on file changes:

tsdown --watch
# or
tsdown -w

Next Steps

• Configure entry points with glob patterns
• Set up multiple output formats
• Enable type declaration generation
• Explore plugins for extended functionality
• Read migration guide if coming from tsup

Introduction

tsdown is _The Elegant Library Bundler_ — a fast, simple bundler for TypeScript and JavaScript libraries powered by Rolldown (Rust-based).

Why tsdown?

Built on Rolldown, tsdown provides a complete out-of-the-box solution for library authors:

• Simplified Configuration: Sensible defaults for library development, minimal boilerplate
• Library-Specific Features: Auto TypeScript declarations, multiple output formats, package validation
• Future-Ready: Official Rolldown project, foundation for Rolldown Vite's Library Mode

Plugin Ecosystem

Supports the full Rolldown plugin ecosystem plus most Rollup plugins. See Plugins.

What Can It Bundle?

• TypeScript/JavaScript: .ts, .js with modern syntax
• TypeScript Declarations: Auto-generate .d.ts files
• Multiple Formats: esm, cjs, iife, umd
• Assets: .json, .wasm, CSS files
• Built-in tree shaking, minification, and source maps

Key Differences from Rolldown

tsdown wraps Rolldown with library-specific features:

• Auto-external dependencies from package.json
• DTS generation
• package.json exports field generation
• Watch mode with keyboard shortcuts
• CSS preprocessing pipeline
• Executable bundling (SEA)

Prior Arts

Inspired by: Rollup, esbuild, tsup, unbuild. Powered by Rolldown.

Related

• Getting Started - Installation and first build
• Migrate from tsup - Migration guide

Migrate from tsup

Migration guide for switching from tsup to tsdown.

Overview

tsdown is built on Rolldown (Rust-based) vs tsup's esbuild, providing faster and more powerful bundling while maintaining compatibility.

Automatic Migration

Single Package

npx tsdown-migrate

Monorepo

# Using glob patterns
npx tsdown-migrate packages/*

# Multiple directories
npx tsdown-migrate packages/foo packages/bar

Migration Options

• [...dirs] - Directories to migrate (supports globs)
• --dry-run or -d - Preview changes without modifying files

Important: Commit your changes before running migration.

Key Differences

Default Values

New Features in tsdown

Node Protocol Control

export default defineConfig({
  nodeProtocol: true, // Add node: prefix (fs → node:fs)
  nodeProtocol: 'strip', // Remove node: prefix (node:fs → fs)
  nodeProtocol: false, // Keep as-is (default)
})

Better Workspace Support

export default defineConfig({
  workspace: 'packages/*', // Build all packages
})

Migration Checklist

1. Backup your code - Commit all changes 2. Run migration tool - npx tsdown-migrate 3. Review changes - Check modified config files 4. Update scripts - Change tsup to tsdown in package.json 5. Test build - Run pnpm build to verify 6. Adjust config - Fine-tune based on your needs

Common Migration Patterns

Basic Library

Before (tsup):

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['cjs', 'esm'],
  dts: true,
})

After (tsdown):

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'], // ESM now default
  dts: true,
  clean: true, // Now enabled by default
})

With Custom Target

Before (tsup):

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  target: 'es2020',
})

After (tsdown):

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  // target auto-reads from package.json engines.node
  // Or override explicitly:
  target: 'es2020',
})

CLI Scripts

Before (package.json):

{
  "scripts": {
    "build": "tsup",
    "dev": "tsup --watch"
  }
}

After (package.json):

{
  "scripts": {
    "build": "tsdown",
    "dev": "tsdown --watch"
  }
}

Feature Compatibility

Supported tsup Features

Most tsup features are supported:

• ✅ Multiple entry points
• ✅ Multiple formats (ESM, CJS, IIFE, UMD)
• ✅ TypeScript declarations
• ✅ Source maps
• ✅ Minification
• ✅ Watch mode
• ✅ External dependencies
• ✅ Tree shaking
• ✅ Shims
• ✅ Plugins (Rollup compatible)

Missing Features

Some tsup features are not yet available. Check GitHub issues for status and request features.

Troubleshooting

Build Fails After Migration

1. Check Node.js version - Requires Node.js 20.19+ 2. Install TypeScript - Required for DTS generation 3. Review config changes - Ensure format and options are correct 4. Check dependencies - Verify all dependencies are installed

Different Output

• Format order - tsdown defaults to ESM first
• Clean behavior - tsdown cleans outDir by default
• Target - tsdown auto-detects from package.json

Performance Issues

tsdown should be faster than tsup. If not:

1. Enable isolatedDeclarations for faster DTS generation 2. Check for large dependencies being bundled 3. Use skipNodeModulesBundle if needed

Getting Help

• GitHub Issues - Report bugs or request features
• Documentation - Full documentation
• Migration Tool - Source code

Acknowledgements

tsdown is heavily inspired by tsup and incorporates parts of its codebase. Thanks to @egoist and the tsup community.

CJS Default Export

Control how default exports are handled in CommonJS output.

Overview

The cjsDefault option improves compatibility when generating CommonJS modules. When enabled (default), modules with only a single default export use module.exports = ... instead of exports.default = ....

Type

cjsDefault?: boolean  // default: true

Basic Usage

Enabled (Default)

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['cjs'],
  cjsDefault: true, // default behavior
})

Disabled

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['cjs'],
  cjsDefault: false,
})

How It Works

With cjsDefault: true (Default)

When your module has only a single default export, tsdown transforms:

Source:

// src/index.ts
export default function greet() {
  console.log('Hello, world!')
}

Generated CJS:

// dist/index.cjs
function greet() {
  console.log('Hello, world!')
}
module.exports = greet

Generated Declaration:

// dist/index.d.cts
declare function greet(): void
export = greet

This allows consumers to use const greet = require('your-module') directly.

With cjsDefault: false

The default export stays as exports.default:

// dist/index.cjs
function greet() {
  console.log('Hello, world!')
}
exports.default = greet

Consumers need require('your-module').default.

When to Disable

• When your module has both default and named exports
• When you need consistent exports.default behavior
• When consumers always use ESM imports

Tips

1. Leave enabled for most libraries (default true) 2. Disable if you have both default and named exports and need consistent behavior 3. Test CJS consumers to verify compatibility

Related Options

• Output Format - Module formats
• Shims - ESM/CJS compatibility

Output Directory Cleaning

Control how the output directory is cleaned before builds.

Overview

By default, tsdown cleans the output directory before each build to remove stale files from previous builds.

Basic Usage

CLI

# Clean enabled (default)
tsdown

# Disable cleaning
tsdown --no-clean

Config File

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  clean: true, // Default
})

Behavior

With Cleaning (Default)

Before each build:

1. All files in outDir are removed 2. Fresh build starts with empty directory 3. Only current build outputs remain

Benefits:

• No stale files
• Predictable output
• Clean slate each build

Without Cleaning

Build outputs are added to existing files:

export default defineConfig({
  clean: false,
})

Use when:

• Multiple builds to same directory
• Incremental builds
• Preserving other files
• Watch mode (faster rebuilds)

Common Patterns

Production Build

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  clean: true, // Ensure clean output
  minify: true,
})

Development Mode

export default defineConfig((options) => ({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  clean: !options.watch, // Don't clean in watch mode
  sourcemap: options.watch,
}))

Multiple Builds

export default defineConfig([
  {
    entry: ['src/index.ts'],
    outDir: 'dist',
    clean: true, // Clean once
  },
  {
    entry: ['src/cli.ts'],
    outDir: 'dist',
    clean: false, // Don't clean, add to same dir
  },
])

Monorepo Package

export default defineConfig({
  workspace: 'packages/*',
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  clean: true, // Clean each package's dist
})

Preserve Static Files

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  clean: false, // Keep manually added files
  outDir: 'dist',
})

// Manually copy files first
// Then run tsdown --no-clean

Clean Patterns

Selective Cleaning

import {rmSync} from 'fs'

export default defineConfig({
  clean: false, // Disable auto clean
  hooks: {
    'build:prepare': () => {
      // Custom cleaning logic
      rmSync('dist/*.js', {force: true})
      // Keep other files
    },
  },
})

Clean Specific Directories

export default defineConfig({
  clean: false,
  hooks: {
    'build:prepare': async () => {
      const {rm} = await import('fs/promises')
      // Only clean specific subdirectories
      await rm('dist/esm', {recursive: true, force: true})
      await rm('dist/cjs', {recursive: true, force: true})
      // Keep dist/types
    },
  },
})

Watch Mode Behavior

In watch mode, cleaning behavior is important:

Clean on First Build Only

export default defineConfig((options) => ({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  watch: options.watch,
  clean: !options.watch, // Only clean initial build
}))

Result:

• First build: Clean
• Subsequent rebuilds: Incremental

Always Clean

export default defineConfig({
  watch: true,
  clean: true, // Clean every rebuild
})

Trade-off: Slower rebuilds, but always fresh output.

Tips

1. Leave enabled for production builds 2. Disable in watch mode for faster rebuilds 3. Use multiple configs carefully with cleaning 4. Custom clean logic via hooks if needed 5. Be cautious - cleaning removes ALL files in outDir 6. Test cleaning - ensure no important files are lost

Troubleshooting

Important Files Deleted

• Don't put non-build files in outDir
• Use separate directory for static files
• Disable cleaning and manage manually

Stale Files in Output

• Enable cleaning: clean: true
• Or manually remove before build

Slow Rebuilds in Watch

• Disable cleaning in watch mode
• Use incremental builds

CLI Examples

# Default (clean enabled)
tsdown

# Disable cleaning
tsdown --no-clean

# Watch mode without cleaning
tsdown --watch --no-clean

# Multiple formats with cleaning
tsdown --format esm,cjs --clean

Examples

Safe Production Build

# Clean before build
rm -rf dist
tsdown --clean

Incremental Development

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  watch: true,
  clean: false, // Faster rebuilds
  sourcemap: true,
})

Multi-Stage Build

// Stage 1: Clean and build main
export default defineConfig([
  {
    entry: ['src/index.ts'],
    outDir: 'dist',
    clean: true,
  },
  {
    entry: ['src/utils.ts'],
    outDir: 'dist',
    clean: false, // Add to same directory
  },
])

Related Options

• Output Directory - Configure outDir
• Watch Mode - Development workflow
• Hooks - Custom clean logic
• Entry - Entry points

Configuration File

Centralize and manage build settings with a configuration file.

Overview

tsdown searches for config files automatically in the current directory and parent directories.

Supported File Names

tsdown looks for these files (in order):

• tsdown.config.ts
• tsdown.config.mts
• tsdown.config.cts
• tsdown.config.js
• tsdown.config.mjs
• tsdown.config.cjs
• tsdown.config.json
• tsdown.config
• package.json (in tsdown field)

Basic Configuration

TypeScript Config

// tsdown.config.ts
import {defineConfig} from 'tsdown'

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
  clean: true,
})

JavaScript Config

// tsdown.config.js
export default {
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
}

JSON Config

// tsdown.config.json
{
  "entry": ["src/index.ts"],
  "format": ["esm", "cjs"],
  "dts": true
}

Package.json Config

// package.json
{
  "name": "my-library",
  "tsdown": {
    "entry": ["src/index.ts"],
    "format": ["esm", "cjs"],
    "dts": true
  }
}

Multiple Configurations

Build multiple outputs with different settings:

export default defineConfig([
  {
    entry: 'src/index.ts',
    format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
    platform: 'node',
    dts: true,
  },
  {
    entry: 'src/browser.ts',
    format: ['iife'],
    platform: 'browser',
    globalName: 'MyLib',
    minify: true,
  },
])

Each configuration runs as a separate build.

Dynamic Configuration

Use a function for conditional config:

export default defineConfig((options) => {
  const isDev = options.watch

  return {
    entry: ['src/index.ts'],
    format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
    minify: !isDev,
    sourcemap: isDev,
    clean: !isDev,
  }
})

Available options:

• watch - Whether watch mode is enabled
• Other CLI flags passed to config

Config Loaders

Control how TypeScript config files are loaded:

Auto Loader (Default)

Uses native TypeScript support if available, otherwise falls back to unrun:

tsdown # Uses auto loader

Native Loader

Uses runtime's native TypeScript support (Node.js 23+, Bun, Deno):

tsdown --config-loader native

Unrun Loader

Uses unrun library for loading:

tsdown --config-loader unrun

Tip: Use unrun loader if you need to load TypeScript configs without file extensions in Node.js.

Custom Config Path

Specify a custom config file location:

tsdown --config ./configs/build.config.ts
# or
tsdown -c custom-config.ts

Disable Config File

Ignore config files and use CLI options only:

tsdown --no-config src/index.ts --format esm

Extend Vite/Vitest Config (Experimental)

Reuse existing Vite or Vitest configurations:

# Extend vite.config.*
tsdown --from-vite

# Extend vitest.config.*
tsdown --from-vite vitest

Note: Only specific options like resolve and plugins are reused. Test thoroughly as this feature is experimental.

Workspace / Monorepo

Build multiple packages with a single config:

export default defineConfig({
  workspace: 'packages/*',
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
})

Each package directory matching the glob pattern will be built with the same configuration.

Common Patterns

Library with Multiple Builds

export default defineConfig([
  // Node.js build
  {
    entry: ['src/index.ts'],
    format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
    platform: 'node',
    dts: true,
  },
  // Browser build
  {
    entry: ['src/browser.ts'],
    format: ['iife'],
    platform: 'browser',
    globalName: 'MyLib',
  },
])

Development vs Production

export default defineConfig((options) => ({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  minify: !options.watch,
  sourcemap: options.watch ? true : false,
  clean: !options.watch,
}))

Monorepo Root Config

// Root tsdown.config.ts
export default defineConfig({
  workspace: 'packages/*',
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
  clean: true,
  // Shared config for all packages
})

Per-Package Override

// packages/special/tsdown.config.ts
export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm'], // Override: only ESM
  platform: 'browser', // Override: browser only
})

Config Precedence

When multiple configs exist:

1. CLI options (highest priority) 2. Config file specified with --config 3. Auto-discovered config files 4. Package.json tsdown field 5. Default values

Tips

1. Use TypeScript config for type checking and autocomplete 2. Use defineConfig helper for better DX 3. Export arrays for multiple build configurations 4. Use functions for dynamic/conditional configs 5. Keep configs simple - prefer convention over configuration 6. Use workspace for monorepo builds 7. Test experimental features thoroughly before production use

Related Options

• Entry - Configure entry points
• Output Format - Output formats
• Watch Mode - Watch mode configuration

CSS Support

Status: Experimental — API and behavior may change.

Configure CSS handling including preprocessors, syntax lowering, minification, and code splitting.

Getting Started

All CSS support in tsdown is provided by the @tsdown/css package. Install it to enable CSS handling:

npm install -D @tsdown/css

When @tsdown/css is installed, CSS processing is automatically enabled. Without it, encountering CSS files will result in an error.

CSS Import

Import .css files from TypeScript/JavaScript — CSS is extracted into separate .css assets:

// src/index.ts
import './style.css'
export function greet() {
  return 'Hello'
}

Output: index.mjs + index.css

@import Inlining

CSS @import statements are resolved and inlined automatically. No separate output files produced.

Inline CSS (?inline)

Append ?inline to return processed CSS as a JS string instead of emitting a .css file:

import './style.css' // → .css file
import css from './theme.css?inline' // → JS string

Works with preprocessors too (./foo.scss?inline). Goes through full pipeline (preprocessors, @import inlining, lowering, minification). Tree-shakeable (moduleSideEffects: false).

CSS Pre-processors

Built-in support for Sass, Less, and Stylus. Install the preprocessor:

# Sass (either one)
npm install -D sass-embedded  # recommended, faster
npm install -D sass

# Less
npm install -D less

# Stylus
npm install -D stylus

Then import directly:

import './style.scss'
import './theme.less'
import './global.styl'

Preprocessor Options

export default defineConfig({
  css: {
    preprocessorOptions: {
      scss: {
        additionalData: `$brand-color: #ff7e17;`,
      },
      less: {
        math: 'always',
      },
      stylus: {
        define: {'$brand-color': '#ff7e17'},
      },
    },
  },
})

additionalData

Inject code at the beginning of every preprocessor file:

// String form
scss: {
  additionalData: `@use "src/styles/variables" as *;`,
}

// Function form
scss: {
  additionalData: (source, filename) => {
    if (filename.includes('theme')) return source
    return `@use "src/styles/variables" as *;\n${source}`
  },
}

CSS Minification

export default defineConfig({
  css: {
    minify: true,
  },
})

Powered by Lightning CSS.

CSS Target

Override the top-level target specifically for CSS:

export default defineConfig({
  target: 'node18',
  css: {
    target: 'chrome90', // CSS-specific target
  },
})

Set css.target: false to disable CSS syntax lowering entirely.

CSS Transformer

css.transformer controls mutually exclusive CSS processing paths:

• 'lightningcss' (default): @import via Lightning CSS bundleAsync(), no PostCSS.
• 'postcss': @import via postcss-import, PostCSS plugins applied, Lightning CSS for final transform only.

export default defineConfig({
  css: {
    transformer: 'postcss',
  },
})

PostCSS Options

export default defineConfig({
  css: {
    transformer: 'postcss',
    postcss: {
      plugins: [require('autoprefixer')],
    },
    // Or: postcss: './config' — path to search for postcss.config.js
  },
})

Auto-detects PostCSS config from project root when transformer is 'postcss' and css.postcss is omitted.

Lightning CSS (Syntax Lowering)

Install lightningcss to enable CSS syntax lowering based on your target:

npm install -D lightningcss

When target is set (e.g., target: 'chrome108'), modern CSS features are automatically downleveled:

/* Input */
.foo {
  & .bar {
    color: red;
  }
}

/* Output (chrome108) */
.foo .bar {
  color: red;
}

Custom Lightning CSS Options

import {Features} from 'lightningcss'

export default defineConfig({
  css: {
    lightningcss: {
      targets: {chrome: 100 << 16},
      include: Features.Nesting,
    },
  },
})

css.lightningcss.targets takes precedence over both target and css.target for CSS.

Code Splitting

Merged (Default)

All CSS merged into a single file (default: style.css).

export default defineConfig({
  css: {
    fileName: 'my-library.css', // Custom name (default: 'style.css')
  },
})

Per-Chunk Splitting

export default defineConfig({
  css: {
    splitting: true, // Each JS chunk gets a corresponding .css file
  },
})

Preserving CSS Imports (css.inject)

When enabled, JS output preserves import statements pointing to emitted CSS files. Consumers auto-import CSS alongside JS:

export default defineConfig({
  css: {
    inject: true,
  },
})

Options Reference

Related

• Target - Configure syntax lowering targets
• Output Format - Module output formats

Dependencies

Control how dependencies are bundled or externalized.

Overview

tsdown intelligently handles dependencies to keep your library lightweight while ensuring all necessary code is included.

Default Behavior

Auto-Externalized

These are NOT bundled by default:

• `dependencies` - Installed automatically with your package
• `peerDependencies` - User must install manually

Conditionally Bundled

These are bundled ONLY if imported:

• `devDependencies` - Only if actually used in source code
• Phantom dependencies - In node_modules but not in package.json

Configuration Options

All dependency options are grouped under the deps field:

export default defineConfig({
  deps: {
    neverBundle: ['react', /^@myorg\//],
    alwaysBundle: ['some-package'],
    onlyBundle: ['cac', 'bumpp'],
    skipNodeModulesBundle: true,
  },
})

deps.neverBundle

Mark dependencies as external (not bundled):

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  deps: {
    neverBundle: [
      'react', // Single package
      'react-dom',
      /^@myorg\//, // Regex pattern (all @myorg/* packages)
      /^lodash/, // All lodash packages
    ],
  },
})

deps.alwaysBundle

Force dependencies to be bundled:

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  deps: {
    alwaysBundle: [
      'some-package', // Bundle this even if in dependencies
      'vendor-lib',
    ],
  },
})

deps.onlyBundle

Whitelist of dependencies allowed to be bundled from node_modules. Throws an error if any unlisted dependency is bundled:

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  deps: {
    onlyBundle: [
      'cac', // Allow bundling cac
      'bumpp', // Allow bundling bumpp
      /^my-utils/, // Regex patterns supported
    ],
  },
})

Behavior:

• Array (['cac', /^my-/]): Only matching dependencies can be bundled. Error for others.
• `false`: Suppress all warnings about bundled dependencies.
• Not set (default): Warns if any node_modules dependencies are bundled.

Note: Include all sub-dependencies in the list, not just top-level imports.

deps.skipNodeModulesBundle

Skip resolving and bundling ALL node_modules:

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  deps: {
    skipNodeModulesBundle: true,
  },
})

Result: No dependencies from node_modules are parsed or bundled.

Note: Cannot be used together with alwaysBundle.

Common Patterns

React Component Library

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.tsx'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  deps: {
    neverBundle: [
      'react',
      'react-dom',
      /^react\//, // react/jsx-runtime, etc.
    ],
  },
  dts: true,
})

Utility Library with Shared Deps

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  deps: {
    alwaysBundle: ['lodash-es'],
  },
  dts: true,
})

Monorepo Package

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  deps: {
    neverBundle: [
      /^@mycompany\//, // Don't bundle other workspace packages
    ],
  },
  dts: true,
})

CLI Tool (Bundle Everything)

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/cli.ts'],
  format: ['esm'],
  platform: 'node',
  deps: {
    alwaysBundle: [/.*/],
  },
  shims: true,
})

Library with Specific Externals

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  deps: {
    neverBundle: ['vue', '@vue/runtime-core', '@vue/reactivity'],
  },
  dts: true,
})

Declaration Files

Dependency handling for .d.ts files follows the same rules as JavaScript.

Complex Type Resolution

Use TypeScript resolver for complex third-party types:

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  dts: {
    resolver: 'tsc', // Use TypeScript resolver instead of Oxc
  },
})

When to use `tsc` resolver:

• Types in @types/* packages with non-standard naming (e.g., @types/babel__generator)
• Complex type dependencies
• Issues with default Oxc resolver

Trade-off: tsc is slower but more compatible.

CLI Usage

Never Bundle

tsdown --deps.never-bundle react --deps.never-bundle react-dom
tsdown --deps.never-bundle '/^@myorg\/.*/'

Skip Node Modules

tsdown --deps.skip-node-modules-bundle

Migration from Deprecated Options

Examples by Use Case

Framework Component

// Don't bundle framework
export default defineConfig({
  deps: {
    neverBundle: ['vue', 'react', 'solid-js', 'svelte'],
  },
})

Standalone App

// Bundle everything
export default defineConfig({
  deps: {
    alwaysBundle: [/.*/],
  },
})

Shared Library

// Bundle only specific utils
export default defineConfig({
  deps: {
    neverBundle: [/.*/], // External by default
    alwaysBundle: ['tiny-utils'], // Except this one
  },
})

Monorepo Package

// External workspace packages, bundle utilities
export default defineConfig({
  deps: {
    neverBundle: [
      /^@workspace\//, // Other workspace packages
      'react',
      'react-dom',
    ],
    alwaysBundle: [
      'lodash-es', // Bundle utility libraries
    ],
  },
})

Troubleshooting

Dependency Bundled Unexpectedly

Check if it's in devDependencies and imported. Move to dependencies:

{
  "dependencies": {
    "should-be-external": "^1.0.0"
  }
}

Or explicitly externalize:

export default defineConfig({
  deps: {
    neverBundle: ['should-be-external'],
  },
})

Missing Dependency at Runtime

Ensure it's in dependencies or peerDependencies:

{
  "dependencies": {
    "needed-package": "^1.0.0"
  }
}

Or bundle it:

export default defineConfig({
  deps: {
    alwaysBundle: ['needed-package'],
  },
})

Type Resolution Errors

Use TypeScript resolver for complex types:

export default defineConfig({
  dts: {
    resolver: 'tsc',
  },
})

Summary

Default behavior:

• dependencies & peerDependencies → External
• devDependencies & phantom deps → Bundled if imported

Override (under `deps`):

• neverBundle → Force external
• alwaysBundle → Force bundled
• onlyBundle → Whitelist bundled deps
• skipNodeModulesBundle → Skip all node_modules

Declaration files:

• Same bundling logic as JavaScript
• Use resolver: 'tsc' for complex types

Tips

1. Keep dependencies external for libraries 2. Bundle everything for standalone CLIs 3. Use regex patterns for namespaced packages 4. Check bundle size to verify external/bundled split 5. Test with fresh install to catch missing dependencies 6. Use tsc resolver only when needed (slower)

Related Options

• External - This page
• Platform - Runtime environment
• Output Format - Module formats
• DTS - Type declarations

TypeScript Declaration Files

Generate .d.ts type declaration files for your library.

Overview

tsdown uses rolldown-plugin-dts to generate and bundle TypeScript declaration files.

Requirements:

• TypeScript must be installed in your project

Enabling DTS Generation

Auto-Enabled

DTS generation is automatically enabled if package.json contains:

• types field, or
• typings field

Manual Enable

CLI

tsdown --dts

Config File

export default defineConfig({
  dts: true,
})

Performance

With isolatedDeclarations (Recommended)

Extremely fast - uses oxc-transform for generation.

// tsconfig.json
{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "isolatedDeclarations": true
  }
}

Without isolatedDeclarations

Falls back to TypeScript compiler. Reliable but slower.

Declaration Maps

Map .d.ts files back to original .ts sources (useful for monorepos).

Enable in tsconfig.json

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "declarationMap": true
  }
}

Enable in tsdown Config

export default defineConfig({
  dts: {
    sourcemap: true,
  },
})

Advanced Options

Custom Compiler Options

Override TypeScript compiler options:

export default defineConfig({
  dts: {
    compilerOptions: {
      removeComments: false,
    },
  },
})

Build Process

• ESM format: .js and .d.ts files generated in same build
• CJS format: Separate build process for .d.ts files

Common Patterns

Basic Library

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
})

Output:

• dist/index.mjs
• dist/index.cjs
• dist/index.d.ts

Multiple Entry Points

export default defineConfig({
  entry: {
    index: 'src/index.ts',
    utils: 'src/utils.ts',
  },
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
})

Output:

• dist/index.mjs, dist/index.cjs, dist/index.d.ts
• dist/utils.mjs, dist/utils.cjs, dist/utils.d.ts

With Monorepo Support

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: {
    sourcemap: true, // Enable declaration maps
  },
})

Fast Build (Isolated Declarations)

// tsconfig.json
{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "isolatedDeclarations": true,
    "declaration": true,
    "declarationMap": true
  }
}

// tsdown.config.ts
export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true, // Will use fast oxc-transform
})

Troubleshooting

Missing Types

Ensure TypeScript is installed:

pnpm add -D typescript

Slow Generation

Enable isolatedDeclarations in tsconfig.json for faster builds.

Declaration Errors

Check that all exports have explicit types (required for isolatedDeclarations).

Report Issues

For DTS-specific issues, report to rolldown-plugin-dts.

Vue Support

Enable Vue component type generation (requires vue-tsc):

export default defineConfig({
  dts: {
    vue: true,
  },
})

Oxc Transform

Control Oxc usage for declaration generation:

export default defineConfig({
  dts: {
    oxc: true, // Use oxc-transform (fast, requires isolatedDeclarations)
  },
})

Custom TSConfig

Specify a different tsconfig for DTS generation:

export default defineConfig({
  dts: {
    tsconfig: './tsconfig.build.json',
  },
})

Available DTS Options

Tips

1. Always enable DTS for TypeScript libraries 2. Use isolatedDeclarations for fast builds 3. Enable declaration maps in monorepos 4. Ensure explicit types for all exports 5. Install TypeScript as dev dependency

Related Options

• Entry - Configure entry points
• Output Format - Multiple output formats
• Target - JavaScript version

Entry Points

Configure which files to bundle as entry points.

Overview

Entry points are the starting files for the bundling process. Each entry point generates a separate bundle.

Usage Patterns

CLI

# Single entry
tsdown src/index.ts

# Multiple entries
tsdown src/index.ts src/cli.ts

# Glob patterns
tsdown 'src/*.ts'

Config File

Single Entry

export default defineConfig({
  entry: 'src/index.ts',
})

Multiple Entries (Array)

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/entry1.ts', 'src/entry2.ts'],
})

Named Entries (Object)

export default defineConfig({
  entry: {
    main: 'src/index.ts',
    utils: 'src/utils.ts',
    cli: 'src/cli.ts',
  },
})

Output files will match the keys:

• dist/main.mjs
• dist/utils.mjs
• dist/cli.mjs

Glob Patterns

Match multiple files dynamically using glob patterns:

All TypeScript Files

export default defineConfig({
  entry: 'src/**/*.ts',
})

Exclude Test Files

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/*.ts', '!src/*.test.ts'],
})

Object Entries with Glob Patterns

Use glob wildcards (*) in both keys and values. The * in the key acts as a placeholder replaced with the matched file name (without extension):

export default defineConfig({
  entry: {
    // Maps src/foo.ts → dist/lib/foo.js, src/bar.ts → dist/lib/bar.js
    'lib/*': 'src/*.ts',
  },
})

Negation Patterns in Object Entries

Values can be an array with negation patterns (!):

export default defineConfig({
  entry: {
    'hooks/*': ['src/hooks/*.ts', '!src/hooks/index.ts'],
  },
})

Multiple positive and negation patterns:

export default defineConfig({
  entry: {
    'utils/*': [
      'src/utils/*.ts',
      'src/utils/*.tsx',
      '!src/utils/index.ts',
      '!src/utils/internal.ts',
    ],
  },
})

Warning: Multiple positive patterns in an array value must share the same base directory.

Mixed Entries

Mix strings, glob patterns, and object entries in an array:

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/*', '!src/foo.ts', {main: 'index.ts'}, {'lib/*': ['src/*.ts', '!src/bar.ts']}],
})

Object entries take precedence when output names conflict.

Windows Compatibility

Use forward slashes / instead of backslashes \ on Windows:

// ✅ Correct
entry: 'src/utils/*.ts'

// ❌ Wrong on Windows
entry: 'src\\utils\\*.ts'

Common Patterns

Library with Main Export

export default defineConfig({
  entry: 'src/index.ts',
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
})

Library with Multiple Exports

export default defineConfig({
  entry: {
    index: 'src/index.ts',
    client: 'src/client.ts',
    server: 'src/server.ts',
  },
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
})

CLI Tool

export default defineConfig({
  entry: {
    cli: 'src/cli.ts',
  },
  format: ['esm'],
  platform: 'node',
})

Preserve Directory Structure

Use with unbundle: true to keep file structure:

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/**/*.ts', '!**/*.test.ts'],
  unbundle: true,
  format: ['esm'],
  dts: true,
})

This will output files matching the source structure:

• src/index.ts → dist/index.mjs
• src/utils/helper.ts → dist/utils/helper.mjs

Tips

1. Use glob patterns for multiple related files 2. Use object syntax for custom output names 3. Exclude test files with negation patterns !**/*.test.ts 4. Combine with unbundle to preserve directory structure 5. Use named entries for better control over output filenames

Executable - exe

[experimental] Bundle as a standalone executable using Node.js Single Executable Applications.

Requirements

• Node.js >= 25.5.0 (ESM support requires >= 25.7.0)
• Not supported in Bun or Deno

Basic Usage

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/cli.ts'],
  exe: true,
})

Behavior When Enabled

• Default output format changes from esm to cjs (unless Node.js >= 25.7.0)
• Declaration file generation (dts) is disabled by default
• Code splitting is disabled
• Only single entry points are supported
• Legacy CJS warnings are suppressed

Advanced Configuration

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/cli.ts'],
  exe: {
    fileName: 'my-tool',
    seaConfig: {
      disableExperimentalSEAWarning: true,
      useCodeCache: true,
      useSnapshot: false,
    },
  },
})

ExeOptions

SeaConfig

See Node.js Single Executable Applications documentation.

Cross-Platform Builds

Install @tsdown/exe to build executables for multiple platforms from a single machine:

pnpm add -D @tsdown/exe

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/cli.ts'],
  exe: {
    targets: [
      {platform: 'linux', arch: 'x64', nodeVersion: '25.7.0'},
      {platform: 'darwin', arch: 'arm64', nodeVersion: '25.7.0'},
      {platform: 'win', arch: 'x64', nodeVersion: '25.7.0'},
    ],
  },
})

This downloads the target platform's Node.js binary, caches it locally, and produces platform-suffixed output:

dist/
  cli-linux-x64
  cli-darwin-arm64
  cli-win-x64.exe

ExeTarget

Caching

Downloaded Node.js binaries are cached in system cache directories:

• macOS: ~/Library/Caches/tsdown/node/
• Linux: ~/.cache/tsdown/node/
• Windows: %LOCALAPPDATA%/tsdown/Caches/node/

Platform Notes

• On macOS, the executable is automatically codesigned (ad-hoc) for Gatekeeper compatibility
• On Windows, the .exe extension is automatically appended
• When targets is specified, seaConfig.executable is ignored

CLI

tsdown --exe
tsdown src/cli.ts --exe

Package Validation (publint & attw)

Validate your package configuration and type declarations before publishing.

Overview

tsdown integrates with publint and Are the types wrong? (attw) to catch common packaging issues. Both are optional dependencies.

Installation

# publint only
npm install -D publint

# attw only
npm install -D @arethetypeswrong/core

# both
npm install -D publint @arethetypeswrong/core

publint

Checks that package.json fields (exports, main, module, types) match your actual output files.

Enable

export default defineConfig({
  publint: true,
})

Configuration

export default defineConfig({
  publint: {
    level: 'error', // 'warning' | 'error' | 'suggestion'
  },
})

CLI

tsdown --publint

attw (Are the types wrong?)

Verifies TypeScript declarations are correct across different module resolution strategies (node10, node16, bundler).

Enable

export default defineConfig({
  attw: true,
})

Configuration

export default defineConfig({
  attw: {
    profile: 'node16', // 'strict' | 'node16' | 'esm-only'
    level: 'error', // 'warn' | 'error'
    ignoreRules: ['false-cjs', 'cjs-resolves-to-esm'],
  },
})

Profiles

Ignore Rules

Suppress specific problem types with ignoreRules:

CLI

tsdown --attw

CI Integration

Both tools support CI-aware options:

export default defineConfig({
  publint: 'ci-only',
  attw: {
    enabled: 'ci-only',
    profile: 'node16',
    level: 'error',
  },
})

Both tools require a package.json in your project directory.

Related Options

• CI Environment - CI-aware option details
• Package Exports - Auto-generate exports field

Log Level

Control the verbosity of build output.

Overview

The logLevel option controls how much information tsdown displays during the build process.

Type

logLevel?: 'silent' | 'error' | 'warn' | 'info'

Default: 'info'

Basic Usage

CLI

# Suppress all output
tsdown --log-level silent

# Only show errors
tsdown --log-level error

# Show warnings and errors
tsdown --log-level warn

# Show all info (default)
tsdown --log-level info

Config File

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  logLevel: 'error',
})

Available Levels

Common Patterns

CI/CD Pipeline

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  logLevel: 'error', // Only show errors in CI
})

Scripting

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  logLevel: 'silent', // No output for automation
})

Fail on Warnings

The failOnWarn option controls whether warnings cause the build to exit with a non-zero code. Defaults to false — warnings never fail the build.

export default defineConfig({
  failOnWarn: false, // Default: never fail on warnings
  // failOnWarn: true,   // Always fail on warnings
  // failOnWarn: 'ci-only', // Fail on warnings only in CI
})

See CI Environment for more about CI-aware options.

Related Options

• CI Environment - CI-aware option details
• CLI Reference - All CLI options
• Config File - Configuration setup

Minification

Compress code to reduce bundle size.

Overview

Minification removes unnecessary characters (whitespace, comments) and optimizes code for production, reducing bundle size and improving load times.

Note: Uses Oxc minifier internally. The minifier is currently in alpha.

Type

minify?: boolean | 'dce-only' | MinifyOptions

• true — Enable full minification (whitespace removal, mangling, compression)
• false — Disable minification (default)
• 'dce-only' — Only perform dead code elimination without full minification
• MinifyOptions — Pass detailed options to the Oxc minifier

Basic Usage

CLI

# Enable minification
tsdown --minify

# Disable minification
tsdown --no-minify

Note: The CLI --minify flag is a boolean toggle. For 'dce-only' mode or advanced options, use the config file.

Config File

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  minify: true,
})

DCE-Only Mode

Remove dead code without full minification (keeps readable output):

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  minify: 'dce-only',
})

Example Output

Without Minification

// dist/index.mjs
const x = 1

function hello(x$1) {
  console.log('Hello World')
  console.log(x$1)
}

hello(x)

With Minification

// dist/index.mjs
const e = 1
function t(e) {
  ;(console.log(`Hello World`), console.log(e))
}
t(e)

Common Patterns

Production Build

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  minify: true,
  clean: true,
})

Conditional Minification

export default defineConfig((options) => ({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm'],
  minify: !options.watch, // Only minify in production
}))

Browser Library

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['iife'],
  platform: 'browser',
  globalName: 'MyLib',
  minify: true,
})

Multiple Builds

export default defineConfig([
  // Development build
  {
    entry: ['src/index.ts'],
    format: ['esm'],
    minify: false,
    outDir: 'dist/dev',
  },
  // Production build
  {
    entry: ['src/index.ts'],
    format: ['esm'],
    minify: true,
    outDir: 'dist/prod',
  },
])

CLI Examples

# Production build with minification
tsdown --minify --clean

# Multiple formats with minification
tsdown --format esm --format cjs --minify

# Conditional minification (only when not watching)
tsdown --minify  # Or omit --watch

Tips

1. Use `minify: true` for production builds 2. Use `'dce-only'` to remove dead code while keeping output readable 3. Skip minification during development for faster rebuilds 4. Combine with tree shaking for best results 5. Test minified output thoroughly (Oxc minifier is in alpha)

Troubleshooting

Minified Code Has Bugs

Oxc minifier is in alpha and may have issues:

1. Use DCE-only mode: minify: 'dce-only' 2. Report bug to Oxc project 3. Disable minification: minify: false

Unexpected Output

• Test unminified first to isolate issue
• Check source maps for debugging
• Verify target compatibility

Related Options

• Tree Shaking - Remove unused code
• Target - Syntax transformations
• Output Format - Module formats
• Sourcemap - Debug information

Output Directory

Configure the output directory for bundled files.

Overview

By default, tsdown outputs bundled files to the dist directory. You can customize this location using the outDir option.

Basic Usage

CLI

# Default output to dist/
tsdown

# Custom output directory
tsdown --out-dir build
tsdown -d lib

Config File

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  outDir: 'build',
})

Common Patterns

Standard Library

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  outDir: 'dist', // Default
  dts: true,
})

Output:

dist/
├── index.mjs
├── index.cjs
└── index.d.ts

Separate Directories by Format

export default defineConfig([
  {
    entry: ['src/index.ts'],
    format: ['esm'],
    outDir: 'dist/esm',
  },
  {
    entry: ['src/index.ts'],
    format: ['cjs'],
    outDir: 'dist/cjs',
  },
])

Output:

dist/
├── esm/
│   └── index.js
└── cjs/
    └── index.js

Monorepo Package

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  outDir: 'lib', // Custom directory
  clean: true,
})

Build to Root

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  outDir: '.', // Output to project root (not recommended)
  clean: false, // Don't clean root!
})

Warning: Be careful when outputting to root to avoid deleting important files.

Output Extensions

Custom Extensions

Use outExtensions to control file extensions:

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  outDir: 'dist',
  outExtensions({format}) {
    return {
      js: format === 'esm' ? '.mjs' : '.cjs',
    }
  },
})

Default Extensions

ESM with .js Extension

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm'],
  outExtensions: () => ({js: '.js'}),
})

Requires "type": "module" in package.json.

File Naming

Entry Names

Control output filenames based on entry names:

export default defineConfig({
  entry: {
    index: 'src/index.ts',
    utils: 'src/utils.ts',
  },
  outDir: 'dist',
})

Output:

dist/
├── index.mjs
└── utils.mjs

Glob Entry

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/**/*.ts', '!**/*.test.ts'],
  outDir: 'dist',
  unbundle: true, // Preserve structure
})

Output:

dist/
├── index.mjs
├── utils/
│   └── helper.mjs
└── components/
    └── button.mjs

Multiple Builds

Same Output Directory

export default defineConfig([
  {
    entry: ['src/index.ts'],
    outDir: 'dist',
    clean: true, // Clean first
  },
  {
    entry: ['src/cli.ts'],
    outDir: 'dist',
    clean: false, // Don't clean again
  },
])

Different Output Directories

export default defineConfig([
  {
    entry: ['src/index.ts'],
    format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
    outDir: 'dist/lib',
  },
  {
    entry: ['src/cli.ts'],
    format: ['esm'],
    outDir: 'dist/bin',
  },
])

CLI Examples

# Default
tsdown

# Custom directory
tsdown --out-dir build
tsdown -d lib

# Nested directory
tsdown --out-dir dist/lib

# With other options
tsdown --out-dir build --format esm,cjs --dts

Tips

1. Use default `dist` for standard projects 2. Be careful with root - avoid outDir: '.' 3. Clean before build - use clean: true 4. Consistent naming - match your project conventions 5. Separate by format if needed for clarity 6. Check .gitignore - ensure output dir is ignored

Troubleshooting

Files Not in Expected Location

• Check outDir config
• Verify build completed successfully
• Look for typos in path

Files Deleted Unexpectedly

• Check if clean: true
• Ensure outDir doesn't overlap with source
• Don't use root as outDir

Permission Errors

• Check write permissions
• Ensure directory isn't locked
• Try different location

Related Options

• Cleaning - Clean output directory
• Entry - Entry points
• Output Format - Module formats
• Unbundle - Preserve structure

Output Format

Configure the module format(s) for generated bundles.

Overview

tsdown can generate bundles in multiple formats. Default is ESM.

Available Formats

Usage

CLI

# Single format
tsdown --format esm

# Multiple formats
tsdown --format esm --format cjs

# Or comma-separated
tsdown --format esm,cjs

Config File

Single Format

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: 'esm',
})

Multiple Formats

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
})

Per-Format Configuration

Override options for specific formats:

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: {
    esm: {
      target: ['es2015'],
    },
    cjs: {
      target: ['node20'],
    },
  },
})

This allows different targets, platforms, or other settings per format.

Common Patterns

Modern Library (ESM + CJS)

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
})

Output:

• dist/index.mjs (ESM)
• dist/index.cjs (CJS)
• dist/index.d.ts (Types)

Browser Library (IIFE)

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['iife'],
  globalName: 'MyLib',
  platform: 'browser',
  minify: true,
})

Output: dist/index.global.js (IIFE with global MyLib)

Universal Library (UMD)

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['umd'],
  globalName: 'MyLib',
  platform: 'neutral',
})

Works with AMD, CommonJS, and browser globals.

Node.js Package (CJS + ESM)

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  platform: 'node',
  dts: true,
  shims: true, // Add __dirname, __filename for CJS compat
})

Framework Component Library

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.tsx'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  deps: {
    neverBundle: ['react', 'react-dom'], // Don't bundle dependencies
  },
  dts: true,
})

Format-Specific Outputs

File Extensions

Customize Extensions

Use outExtensions to override:

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  outExtensions: ({format}) => ({
    js: format === 'esm' ? '.js' : '.cjs',
  }),
})

Tips

1. Use ESM + CJS for maximum compatibility 2. Use IIFE for browser-only libraries 3. Use UMD for universal compatibility (less common now) 4. Externalize dependencies to avoid bundling framework code 5. Add shims for CJS compatibility when using Node.js APIs 6. Set globalName for IIFE/UMD formats

Related Options

• Target - Set JavaScript version
• Platform - Set platform (node, browser, neutral)
• Shims - Add ESM/CJS compatibility
• Output Directory - Customize output paths

Auto-Generate Package Exports

Automatically generate package.json exports field from build output.

Overview

tsdown can automatically infer and generate the exports, main, module, and types fields in your package.json based on your build outputs.

Status: Experimental - review before publishing.

Basic Usage

CLI

tsdown --exports

Config File

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
  exports: true,
})

What Gets Generated

Single Entry

Config:

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
  exports: true,
})

Generated in package.json:

{
  "main": "./dist/index.cjs",
  "module": "./dist/index.mjs",
  "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
  "exports": {
    ".": {
      "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
      "import": "./dist/index.mjs",
      "require": "./dist/index.cjs"
    }
  }
}

Multiple Entries

Config:

export default defineConfig({
  entry: {
    index: 'src/index.ts',
    utils: 'src/utils.ts',
  },
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
  exports: true,
})

Generated in package.json:

{
  "main": "./dist/index.cjs",
  "module": "./dist/index.mjs",
  "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
  "exports": {
    ".": {
      "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
      "import": "./dist/index.mjs",
      "require": "./dist/index.cjs"
    },
    "./utils": {
      "types": "./dist/utils.d.ts",
      "import": "./dist/utils.mjs",
      "require": "./dist/utils.cjs"
    }
  }
}

Export All Files

Include all output files, not just entry points:

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  exports: {
    all: true,
  },
})

Result: All .mjs, .cjs, and .d.ts files will be added to exports.

Dev-Time Source Linking

Dev Exports

Link to source files during development:

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  exports: {
    devExports: true,
  },
})

Generated:

{
  "exports": {
    ".": "./src/index.ts" // Points to source
  },
  "publishConfig": {
    "exports": {
      ".": {
        "import": "./dist/index.mjs",
        "require": "./dist/index.cjs"
      }
    }
  }
}

Note: Supported by pnpm/yarn, not npm.

Conditional Dev Exports

Use specific condition for dev exports:

export default defineConfig({
  exports: {
    devExports: 'development',
  },
})

Generated:

{
  "exports": {
    ".": {
      "development": "./src/index.ts",
      "import": "./dist/index.mjs",
      "require": "./dist/index.cjs"
    }
  }
}

Use with TypeScript customConditions:

// tsconfig.json
{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "customConditions": ["development"]
  }
}

Custom Exports

Add custom export mappings:

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  exports: {
    customExports(pkg, context) {
      // Add custom export
      pkg['./foo'] = './dist/foo.js'

      // Add package.json export
      pkg['./package.json'] = './package.json'

      return pkg
    },
  },
})

Common Patterns

Complete Library Setup

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
  exports: true,
  clean: true,
})

Multiple Exports with Dev Mode

export default defineConfig({
  entry: {
    index: 'src/index.ts',
    client: 'src/client.ts',
    server: 'src/server.ts',
  },
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
  exports: {
    all: false, // Only entries
    devExports: 'development',
  },
})

Monorepo Package

export default defineConfig({
  workspace: 'packages/*',
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  dts: true,
  exports: true, // Generate for each package
})

Validation

Enable Publint

Validate generated exports:

tsdown --exports --publint

Or in config:

export default defineConfig({
  exports: true,
  publint: true, // Validate exports
})

Tips

1. Review before publishing - Check generated fields 2. Use with publint - Validate exports field 3. Enable for libraries - Especially with multiple exports 4. Use devExports - Better DX during development 5. Test exports - Verify imports work correctly

Troubleshooting

Exports Not Generated

• Ensure exports: true is set
• Check build completed successfully
• Verify output files exist

Wrong Export Paths

• Check outDir configuration
• Verify entry names match expectations
• Review format settings

Dev Exports Not Working

• Only supported by pnpm/yarn
• Check package manager
• Use publishConfig for publishing

Types Not Exported

• Enable dts: true
• Ensure TypeScript is installed
• Check .d.ts files are generated

CLI Examples

# Generate exports
tsdown --exports

# With publint validation
tsdown --exports --publint

# Export all files
tsdown --exports

# With dev exports
tsdown --exports

Related Options

• Entry - Configure entry points
• Output Format - Module formats
• DTS - Type declarations

Platform

Target runtime environment for bundled code.

Overview

Platform determines the runtime environment and affects module resolution, built-in handling, and optimizations.

Available Platforms

Usage

CLI

tsdown --platform node     # Default
tsdown --platform browser
tsdown --platform neutral

Config File

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  platform: 'browser',
})

Platform Details

Node Platform

Default platform for server-side and tooling.

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  platform: 'node',
})

Characteristics:

• Node.js built-ins (fs, path, etc.) resolved automatically
• Optimized for Node.js runtime
• Compatible with Deno and Bun
• Default mainFields: ['main', 'module']

Browser Platform

For web applications running in browsers.

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  platform: 'browser',
  format: ['esm'],
})

Characteristics:

• Warnings if Node.js built-ins are used
• May require polyfills for Node APIs
• Optimized for browser environments
• Default mainFields: ['browser', 'module', 'main']

Neutral Platform

Platform-agnostic for universal libraries.

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  platform: 'neutral',
  format: ['esm'],
})

Characteristics:

• No runtime assumptions
• No automatic built-in resolution
• Relies on exports field only
• Default mainFields: []
• Full control over runtime behavior

CJS Format Limitation

CJS format always uses `node` platform and cannot be changed.

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['cjs'],
  platform: 'browser', // Ignored for CJS
})

See rolldown PR #4693 for details.

Module Resolution

Main Fields

Different platforms check different package.json fields:

Neutral Platform Resolution

When using neutral, packages without exports field may fail to resolve:

Help: The "main" field here was ignored. Main fields must be configured
explicitly when using the "neutral" platform.

Solution: Configure mainFields explicitly:

export default defineConfig({
  platform: 'neutral',
  inputOptions: {
    resolve: {
      mainFields: ['module', 'main'],
    },
  },
})

Common Patterns

Node.js CLI Tool

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/cli.ts'],
  format: ['esm'],
  platform: 'node',
  shims: true,
})

Browser Library (IIFE)

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['iife'],
  platform: 'browser',
  globalName: 'MyLib',
  minify: true,
})

Universal Library

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm'],
  platform: 'neutral',
  inputOptions: {
    resolve: {
      mainFields: ['module', 'main'],
    },
  },
})

React Component Library

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.tsx'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  platform: 'browser',
  deps: {
    neverBundle: ['react', 'react-dom'],
  },
})

Node.js + Browser Builds

export default defineConfig([
  {
    entry: ['src/index.ts'],
    format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
    platform: 'node',
  },
  {
    entry: ['src/browser.ts'],
    format: ['esm'],
    platform: 'browser',
  },
])

Troubleshooting

Node Built-in Warnings (Browser)

When using Node.js APIs in browser builds:

Warning: Module "fs" has been externalized for browser compatibility

Solutions:

1. Use platform: 'node' if not browser-only 2. Add polyfills for Node APIs 3. Avoid Node.js built-ins in browser code 4. Use platform: 'neutral' with careful dependency management

Module Resolution Issues (Neutral)

When packages don't resolve with neutral:

export default defineConfig({
  platform: 'neutral',
  inputOptions: {
    resolve: {
      mainFields: ['module', 'browser', 'main'],
      conditions: ['import', 'require'],
    },
  },
})

Tips

1. Use `node` for server-side and CLIs (default) 2. Use `browser` for front-end applications 3. Use `neutral` for universal libraries 4. Configure mainFields when using neutral platform 5. CJS is always node - use ESM for other platforms 6. Test in target environment to verify compatibility

Related Options

• Output Format - Module formats
• Target - JavaScript version
• Shims - ESM/CJS compatibility
• Dependencies - External packages

Root Directory

Specify the root directory of input files for output structure mapping.

Overview

The root option is similar to TypeScript's rootDir. It determines how entry file paths map to output paths. By default, tsdown computes the root as the common base directory of all entry files. Setting root explicitly lets you override this behavior.

Basic Usage

CLI

tsdown --root src

Config File

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts', 'src/utils/helper.ts'],
  root: 'src',
})

How It Works

Default

Given entries src/index.ts and src/utils/helper.ts, the common base directory is src/:

dist/
├── index.js
└── utils/
    └── helper.js

With root: '.'

Setting root to the project directory preserves the src/ prefix:

dist/
└── src/
    ├── index.js
    └── utils/
        └── helper.js

What It Affects

1. Entry name resolution — Array entry paths are computed relative to root for output filenames 2. Unbundle mode — Used as preserveModulesRoot, controlling output structure when unbundle: true

When to Use

• Auto-computed common base directory doesn't produce desired output structure
• Need to include or exclude directory prefixes in output paths
• Unbundle mode needs specific directory mapping

Common Patterns

Library with src/ Prefix Preserved

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/**/*.ts', '!**/*.test.ts'],
  root: '.',
  unbundle: true,
})

Monorepo Package

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  root: 'src',
  unbundle: true,
})

Related Options

• Unbundle - Preserve directory structure
• Entry - Entry point configuration
• Output Directory - Output location

Shims

Add compatibility between ESM and CommonJS module systems.

Overview

Shims provide small pieces of code that bridge the gap between CommonJS (CJS) and ECMAScript Modules (ESM), enabling cross-module-system compatibility.

What Shims Provide

ESM Output (when enabled)

With shims: true, adds CommonJS variables to ESM:

• __dirname - Current directory path
• __filename - Current file path

ESM Output (automatic)

Always added when using require in ESM on Node.js:

• require function via createRequire(import.meta.url)

CJS Output (automatic)

Always added to CommonJS output:

• import.meta.url
• import.meta.dirname
• import.meta.filename

Usage

CLI

tsdown --shims

Config File

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm'],
  shims: true,
})

Generated Code

ESM with Shims

Source:

console.log(__dirname)
console.log(__filename)

Output (shims: true):

import {fileURLToPath} from 'node:url'
import {dirname} from 'node:path'

const __filename = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)
const __dirname = dirname(__filename)

console.log(__dirname)
console.log(__filename)

ESM with require

Source:

const mod = require('some-module')

Output (automatic on Node.js):

import {createRequire} from 'node:module'
const require = createRequire(import.meta.url)

const mod = require('some-module')

CJS with import.meta

Source:

console.log(import.meta.url)
console.log(import.meta.dirname)

Output (automatic):

const import_meta = {
  url: require('url').pathToFileURL(__filename).toString(),
  dirname: __dirname,
  filename: __filename,
}

console.log(import_meta.url)
console.log(import_meta.dirname)

Common Patterns

Node.js CLI Tool

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/cli.ts'],
  format: ['esm'],
  platform: 'node',
  shims: true, // Add __dirname, __filename
})

Dual Format Library

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  platform: 'node',
  shims: true, // ESM gets __dirname/__filename
  // CJS gets import.meta.* (automatic)
})

Server-Side Code

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/server.ts'],
  format: ['esm'],
  platform: 'node',
  shims: true,
  deps: {
    neverBundle: [/.*/], // External all deps
  },
})

File System Operations

// Source code
import {readFileSync} from 'fs'
import {join} from 'path'

// Read file relative to current module
const content = readFileSync(join(__dirname, 'data.json'), 'utf-8')

// tsdown config
export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm'],
  shims: true, // Enables __dirname
})

When to Use Shims

Use shims: true when:

• ✅ Building Node.js tools/CLIs
• ✅ Code uses __dirname or __filename
• ✅ Need file system operations relative to module
• ✅ Migrating from CommonJS to ESM
• ✅ Need cross-format compatibility

Don't need shims when:

• ❌ Browser-only code
• ❌ No file system operations
• ❌ Using only import.meta.url
• ❌ Pure ESM without CJS variables

Performance Impact

Runtime Overhead

Shims add minimal runtime overhead:

// Added to output when shims enabled
import {fileURLToPath} from 'node:url'
import {dirname} from 'node:path'

const __filename = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)
const __dirname = dirname(__filename)

Tree Shaking

If __dirname or __filename are not used, they're automatically removed during bundling (no overhead).

Platform Considerations

Node.js Platform

export default defineConfig({
  platform: 'node',
  format: ['esm'],
  shims: true, // Recommended for Node.js
})

• require shim added automatically
• __dirname and __filename available with shims: true

Browser Platform

export default defineConfig({
  platform: 'browser',
  format: ['esm'],
  shims: false, // Not needed for browser
})

• Shims not needed (no Node.js variables)
• Will cause warnings if Node.js APIs used

Neutral Platform

export default defineConfig({
  platform: 'neutral',
  format: ['esm'],
  shims: false, // Avoid platform-specific code
})

• Avoid shims for maximum portability

CLI Examples

# Enable shims
tsdown --shims

# ESM with shims for Node.js
tsdown --format esm --platform node --shims

# Dual format with shims
tsdown --format esm --format cjs --shims

Troubleshooting

__dirname is not defined

Enable shims:

export default defineConfig({
  shims: true,
})

require is not defined in ESM

Automatic on Node.js platform. If not working:

export default defineConfig({
  platform: 'node', // Ensure Node.js platform
})

Import.meta not working in CJS

Automatic - no configuration needed. If still failing, check output format:

export default defineConfig({
  format: ['cjs'], // Shims added automatically
})

Tips

1. Enable for Node.js tools - Use shims: true for CLIs and servers 2. Skip for browsers - Not needed for browser code 3. No overhead if unused - Automatically tree-shaken 4. Automatic require shim - No config needed for require in ESM 5. CJS shims automatic - import.meta.* always available in CJS

Related Options

• Platform - Runtime environment
• Output Format - Module formats
• Target - Syntax transformations

Target Environment

Configure JavaScript syntax transformations for target environments.

Overview

The target option controls which JavaScript features are downleveled (transformed to older syntax) for compatibility.

Important: Only affects syntax transformations, not runtime polyfills.

Default Behavior

tsdown auto-reads from package.json:

// package.json
{
  "engines": {
    "node": ">=18.0.0"
  }
}

Automatically sets target to node18.0.0.

If no engines.node field exists, behaves as if target: false (no transformations).

Disabling Transformations

Set to false to preserve modern syntax:

export default defineConfig({
  target: false,
})

Result:

• No JavaScript downleveling
• Modern features preserved (optional chaining ?., nullish coalescing ??, etc.)

Use when:

• Targeting modern environments
• Handling transformations elsewhere
• Building libraries for further processing

Setting Target

CLI

# Single target
tsdown --target es2020
tsdown --target node20

# Multiple targets
tsdown --target chrome100 --target node20.18

# Disable
tsdown --no-target

Config File

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  target: 'es2020',
})

Multiple Targets

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  target: ['chrome100', 'safari15', 'node18'],
})

Supported Targets

ECMAScript Versions

• es2015, es2016, es2017, es2018, es2019, es2020, es2021, es2022, es2023, esnext

Browser Versions

• chrome100, safari18, firefox110, edge100, etc.

Node.js Versions

• node16, node18, node20, node20.18, etc.

Examples

Modern Browsers

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm'],
  target: ['chrome100', 'safari15', 'firefox100'],
})

Node.js Library

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  target: 'node18',
})

Legacy Support

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm'],
  target: 'es2015', // Maximum compatibility
})

Per-Format Targets

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: {
    esm: {
      target: 'es2020',
    },
    cjs: {
      target: 'node16',
    },
  },
})

Decorators

Legacy Decorators (Stage 2)

Enable in tsconfig.json:

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "experimentalDecorators": true
  }
}

Stage 3 Decorators

Not currently supported by tsdown/Rolldown/Oxc.

See oxc issue #9170.

Common Patterns

Universal Library

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
  target: 'es2020', // Wide compatibility
})

Modern-Only Library

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
  format: ['esm'],
  target: false, // No transformations
})

Browser Component

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['src/index.tsx'],
  format: ['esm'],
  target: ['chrome100', 'safari15', 'firefox100'],
  platform: 'browser',
})

CSS Targeting

When @tsdown/css is installed and a browser target is set, CSS syntax is also lowered automatically:

export default defineConfig({
  target: 'chrome108', // CSS nesting will be flattened
})

See CSS for full CSS configuration options.

Tips

1. Let tsdown auto-detect from package.json when possible 2. Use `false` for modern-only builds 3. Specify multiple targets for broader compatibility 4. Use legacy decorators with experimentalDecorators 5. Install `@tsdown/css` for CSS support and syntax lowering 6. Test output in target environments

Related Options

• Platform - Runtime environment
• Output Format - Module formats
• Minification - Code optimization
• CSS - CSS handling and preprocessors

Solid Support

Build Solid component libraries with tsdown using rolldown-plugin-solid or unplugin-solid.

Quick Start

npx create-tsdown@latest -t solid

Configuration

import solid from 'rolldown-plugin-solid' // or 'unplugin-solid/rolldown'
import {defineConfig} from 'tsdown'

export default defineConfig({
  entry: ['./src/index.ts'],
  platform: 'neutral',
  dts: true,
  plugins: [solid()],
})

Dependencies

Install one of:

# Option 1: rolldown-plugin-solid
npm install -D rolldown-plugin-solid

# Option 2: unplugin-solid
npm install -D unplugin-solid

Key Points

• Use platform: 'neutral' for framework-agnostic output
• dts: true generates TypeScript declarations
• The Solid plugin handles JSX compilation for Solid's reactive system

Related

• Plugins - Plugin configuration
• Platform - Platform options

Sync Info

• Source: vendor/tsdown/skills/tsdown
• Git SHA: 61514338f92ea5d9f3b8fc3c45d920de75ed1b14
• Synced: 2026-03-16