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Cron

  • 1.3k installs
  • 50 repo stars
  • Updated March 3, 2026
  • chaterm/terminal-skills

cron is an agent skill for 定时任务管理.

About

The cron skill is designed for 定时任务管理. Invoke when the user asks about cron or related SKILL.md workflows.

  • 定时任务管理.
  • User asks about cron or related SKILL.md workflows.
  • Developers using cron workflows documented in SKILL.md.

Cron by the numbers

  • 1,255 all-time installs (skills.sh)
  • +3 installs in the week ending Aug 5, 2026 (Skillselion tracking)
  • Ranked #99 of 550 CLI & Terminal skills by installs in the Skillselion catalog
  • Security screen: HIGH risk (skills.sh audit)
  • Data as of Aug 5, 2026 (Skillselion catalog sync)
At a glance

cron capabilities & compatibility

Capabilities
定时任务管理 · user asks about cron or related skill.md workflo · developers using cron workflows documented in sk
From the docs

What cron says it does

定时任务管理
SKILL.md
npx skills add https://github.com/chaterm/terminal-skills --skill cron

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Listed on Skillselion
Installs1.3k
repo stars50
Security audit2 / 3 scanners passed
Last updatedMarch 3, 2026
Repositorychaterm/terminal-skills

How do I 定时任务管理?

定时任务管理.

Who is it for?

Developers using cron workflows documented in SKILL.md.

Skip if: Skip when the task falls outside cron scope or needs a different stack.

When should I use this skill?

User asks about cron or related SKILL.md workflows.

What you get

Completed cron workflow with documented commands, files, and expected deliverables.

  • crontab schedule entries
  • job monitoring checklist

By the numbers

  • Skill version 1.0.0 from terminal-skills
  • Documents 5-field crontab time format

Files

SKILL.mdMarkdownGitHub ↗

定时任务管理

概述

Cron 定时任务配置、日志监控、故障排查等技能。

Crontab 基础

管理命令

# 编辑当前用户的 crontab
crontab -e

# 查看当前用户的 crontab
crontab -l

# 删除当前用户的 crontab
crontab -r

# 管理其他用户的 crontab(需要 root)
crontab -u username -e
crontab -u username -l

时间格式

┌───────────── 分钟 (0-59)
│ ┌───────────── 小时 (0-23)
│ │ ┌───────────── 日 (1-31)
│ │ │ ┌───────────── 月 (1-12)
│ │ │ │ ┌───────────── 星期 (0-7, 0和7都是周日)
│ │ │ │ │
* * * * * command

特殊字符

*       # 任意值
,       # 列表 (1,3,5)
-       # 范围 (1-5)
/       # 步长 (*/5 每5分钟)

# 示例
0 * * * *       # 每小时整点
*/15 * * * *    # 每15分钟
0 9-17 * * *    # 9点到17点每小时
0 0 * * 1-5     # 工作日零点
0 0 1,15 * *    # 每月1号和15号零点

特殊时间字符串

@reboot         # 系统启动时
@yearly         # 每年 (0 0 1 1 *)
@monthly        # 每月 (0 0 1 * *)
@weekly         # 每周 (0 0 * * 0)
@daily          # 每天 (0 0 * * *)
@hourly         # 每小时 (0 * * * *)

配置文件

用户 crontab

# 位置
/var/spool/cron/crontabs/username   # Debian/Ubuntu
/var/spool/cron/username            # CentOS/RHEL

# 格式
SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
MAILTO=admin@example.com

# 任务
0 2 * * * /usr/local/bin/backup.sh

系统 crontab

# /etc/crontab
SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
MAILTO=root

# 格式:多了用户字段
# 分 时 日 月 周 用户 命令
0 2 * * * root /usr/local/bin/backup.sh

cron.d 目录

# /etc/cron.d/myapp
SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin

0 * * * * appuser /opt/myapp/hourly-task.sh
0 2 * * * root /opt/myapp/daily-backup.sh

预定义目录

/etc/cron.hourly/       # 每小时执行
/etc/cron.daily/        # 每天执行
/etc/cron.weekly/       # 每周执行
/etc/cron.monthly/      # 每月执行

# 放入可执行脚本即可
chmod +x /etc/cron.daily/myscript

最佳实践

脚本模板

#!/bin/bash
# /usr/local/bin/cron-task.sh

# 日志文件
LOG_FILE="/var/log/cron-task.log"

# 锁文件(防止重复执行)
LOCK_FILE="/var/run/cron-task.lock"

# 检查锁
if [ -f "$LOCK_FILE" ]; then
    echo "$(date): Task already running" >> "$LOG_FILE"
    exit 1
fi

# 创建锁
trap "rm -f $LOCK_FILE" EXIT
touch "$LOCK_FILE"

# 记录开始
echo "$(date): Task started" >> "$LOG_FILE"

# 执行任务
/path/to/actual/command >> "$LOG_FILE" 2>&1
EXIT_CODE=$?

# 记录结束
echo "$(date): Task finished with exit code $EXIT_CODE" >> "$LOG_FILE"

exit $EXIT_CODE

Crontab 条目

# 推荐写法
# 1. 使用绝对路径
# 2. 重定向输出
# 3. 添加注释

# 每日备份 - 凌晨2点
0 2 * * * /usr/local/bin/backup.sh >> /var/log/backup.log 2>&1

# 每5分钟健康检查
*/5 * * * * /usr/local/bin/healthcheck.sh > /dev/null 2>&1

# 每周日志清理 - 周日凌晨3点
0 3 * * 0 /usr/local/bin/cleanup-logs.sh >> /var/log/cleanup.log 2>&1

环境变量

# 在 crontab 中设置
SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
HOME=/home/user
MAILTO=admin@example.com

# 或在脚本中加载
#!/bin/bash
source /etc/profile
source ~/.bashrc

日志与监控

查看日志

# 系统日志
grep CRON /var/log/syslog           # Debian/Ubuntu
grep CRON /var/log/cron             # CentOS/RHEL

# 实时监控
tail -f /var/log/syslog | grep CRON

# 查看邮件(如果配置了 MAILTO)
cat /var/mail/username

调试技巧

# 手动测试脚本
/usr/local/bin/myscript.sh

# 模拟 cron 环境
env -i /bin/bash --noprofile --norc -c '/usr/local/bin/myscript.sh'

# 检查 cron 服务状态
systemctl status cron               # Debian/Ubuntu
systemctl status crond              # CentOS/RHEL

常见场景

场景 1:数据库备份

# 每天凌晨2点备份 MySQL
0 2 * * * /usr/bin/mysqldump -u root -p'password' database | gzip > /backup/db_$(date +\%Y\%m\%d).sql.gz

# 注意:% 需要转义为 \%

场景 2:日志轮转

# 每天压缩并清理7天前的日志
0 0 * * * find /var/log/myapp -name "*.log" -mtime +7 -delete
0 1 * * * gzip /var/log/myapp/*.log.1

场景 3:监控告警

# 每5分钟检查服务状态
*/5 * * * * /usr/local/bin/check-service.sh || /usr/local/bin/send-alert.sh

场景 4:使用 flock 防止重复

# 使用 flock 确保单实例运行
*/5 * * * * /usr/bin/flock -n /var/lock/mytask.lock /usr/local/bin/mytask.sh

故障排查

问题排查方法
任务不执行检查 cron 服务状态、日志
权限错误检查脚本权限、用户权限
环境变量问题在脚本中设置 PATH
命令找不到使用绝对路径
输出丢失重定向到日志文件
# 检查 cron 服务
systemctl status cron

# 检查用户是否被禁止
cat /etc/cron.allow
cat /etc/cron.deny

# 检查语法
crontab -l | grep -v '^#' | while read line; do
    echo "Checking: $line"
done

Related skills

How it compares

Use cron for host-level crontab on Linux servers; use cloud or orchestrator schedulers when jobs run in managed platforms.

FAQ

What does cron do?

定时任务管理.

When should I use cron?

User asks about cron or related SKILL.md workflows.

Is cron safe to install?

Review the Security Audits panel on this page before installing in production.

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