Threejs Textures

# Three.js Textures

## Quick Start

```javascript
import * as THREE from "three";

// Load texture
const loader = new THREE.TextureLoader();
const texture = loader.load("texture.jpg");

// Apply to material
const material = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
  map: texture,
});
```

## Texture Loading

### Basic Loading

```javascript
const loader = new THREE.TextureLoader();

// Async with callbacks
loader.load(
  "texture.jpg",
  (texture) => console.log("Loaded"),
  (progress) => console.log("Progress"),
  (error) => console.error("Error"),
);

// Synchronous style (loads async internally)
const texture = loader.load("texture.jpg");
material.map = texture;
```

### Promise Wrapper

```javascript
function loadTexture(url) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    new THREE.TextureLoader().load(url, resolve, undefined, reject);
  });
}

// Usage
const [colorMap, normalMap, roughnessMap] = await Promise.all([
  loadTexture("color.jpg"),
  loadTexture("normal.jpg"),
  loadTexture("roughness.jpg"),
]);
```

## Texture Configuration

### Color Space

Critical for accurate color reproduction.

```javascript
// Color/albedo textures - use sRGB
colorTexture.colorSpace = THREE.SRGBColorSpace;

// Data textures (normal, roughness, metalness, AO) - leave as default
// Do NOT set colorSpace for data textures (NoColorSpace is default)
```

### Wrapping Modes

```javascript
texture.wrapS = THREE.RepeatWrapping; // Horizontal
texture.wrapT = THREE.RepeatWrapping; // Vertical

// Options:
// THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping - Stretches edge pixels (default)
// THREE.RepeatWrapping - Tiles the texture
// THREE.MirroredRepeatWrapping - Tiles with mirror flip
```

### Repeat, Offset, Rotation

```javascript
// Tile texture 4x4
texture.repeat.set(4, 4);
texture.wrapS = THREE.RepeatWrapping;
texture.wrapT = THREE.RepeatWrapping;

// Offset (0-1 range)
texture.offset.set(0.5, 0.5);

// Rotation (radians, around center)
texture.rotation = Math.PI / 4;
texture.center.set(0.5, 0.5); // Rotation pivot
```

### Filtering

```javascript
// Minification (texture larger than screen pixels)
texture.minFilter = THREE.LinearMipmapLinearFilter; // Default, smooth
texture.minFilter = THREE.NearestFilter; // Pixelated
texture.minFilter = THREE.LinearFilter; // Smooth, no mipmaps

// Magnification (texture smaller than screen pixels)
texture.magFilter = THREE.LinearFilter; // Smooth (default)
texture.magFilter = THREE.NearestFilter; // Pixelated (retro games)

// Anisotropic filtering (sharper at angles)
texture.anisotropy = renderer.capabilities.getMaxAnisotropy();
```

### Generate Mipmaps

```javascript
// Usually true by default
texture.generateMipmaps = true;

// Disable for non-power-of-2 textures or data textures
texture.generateMipmaps = false;
texture.minFilter = THREE.LinearFilter;
```

## Texture Types

### Regular Texture

```javascript
const texture = new THREE.Texture(image);
texture.needsUpdate = true;
```

### Data Texture

Create texture from raw data.

```javascript
// Create gradient texture
const size = 256;
const data = new Uint8Array(size * size * 4);

for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {
  for (let j = 0; j < size; j++) {
    const index = (i * size + j) * 4;
    data[index] = i; // R
    data[index + 1] = j; // G
    data[index + 2] = 128; // B
    data[index + 3] = 255; // A
  }
}

const texture = new THREE.DataTexture(data, size, size);
texture.needsUpdate = true;
```

### Canvas Texture

```javascript
const canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
canvas.width = 256;
canvas.height = 256;
const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");

// Draw on canvas
ctx.fillStyle = "red";
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 256, 256);
ctx.fillStyle = "white";
ctx.font = "48px Arial";
ctx.fillText("Hello", 50, 150);

const texture = new THREE.CanvasTextur