
Economic Moat
- 47 installs
- 65 repo stars
- Updated April 17, 2026
- kangarooking/buffett-letters-skill
Evaluate competitive advantages that protect a business from rivals over decades.
About
Assess durable competitive advantages (brand, network, scale, switching costs). Moat width determines pricing power and long-term profitability.
- Competitive advantage assessment
- Pricing power analysis
Economic Moat by the numbers
- 47 all-time installs (skills.sh)
- +1 installs in the week ending Aug 2, 2026 (Skillselion tracking)
- Ranked #598 of 1,106 Finance & Trading skills by installs in the Skillselion catalog
- Data as of Aug 5, 2026 (Skillselion catalog sync)
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| Installs | 47 |
|---|---|
| repo stars | ★ 65 |
| Last updated | April 17, 2026 |
| Repository | kangarooking/buffett-letters-skill ↗ |
What it does
Evaluate competitive advantages that protect a business from rivals over decades.
Files
经济商誉 / 护城河识别
R — 原文 (Reading)
"GEICO's cost advantage is like a moat protecting a much-sought-after business castle." (1986)
"Economic goodwill does not, in many cases, diminish. Indeed, in a great many instances it actually grows in value over time. In character, economic goodwill is much like land." (1999)
I — 方法论骨架
经济商誉 = 品牌+市场地位+定价权+客户忠诚度 → 使企业能在极少额外资本下增长利润。
关键区分:
- 会计商誉会摊销减少;经济商誉往往随时间增长(如土地)
- 经济商誉的核心标志:不需要大量资本投入就能增长利润
- 护城河 = 保护经济商誉不被侵蚀的屏障(成本优势/品牌/网络效应/切换成本/许可)
- 商品企业(无护城河):只有产能短缺时才能赚好钱
A1 — 书中的应用
案例1: See's Candy
- 问题: 为什么一个糖果公司值$2500万?
- 使用: 经济商誉识别——See's能在不增加资本的情况下通过品牌定价权增长利润
- 结果: 50年产生超$20亿税前利润,投入资本极少
案例2: GEICO的护城河
- 使用: 成本优势作为护城河——承保费用23.5% vs 对手38.5%
- 结果: 持续的市场份额增长和承保盈利
A2 — 触发场景
1. 评估一个公司是否有长期竞争力 2. 判断一个品牌是否值溢价 3. 决定是否应该为"优秀企业"支付溢价 4. 分析为什么某些公司能在行业中长期领先
语言信号
- "这个公司有护城河吗?"
- "竞争优势可持续吗?"
- "为什么这个品牌能收溢价?"
- "需要多少资本才能增长?"
与相邻 skill 的区分
- 与
cigar-butt-vs-great-business的区别:雪茄蒂vs伟大企业是投资策略选择,护城河是具体的分析工具
E — 可执行步骤
1. 识别护城河类型(至少一种)
- 成本优势 / 品牌力 / 网络效应 / 切换成本 / 规模效应 / 许可壁垒
- 完成标准:指出具体类型并给出证据
2. 检验资本需求
- 完成标准:计算"利润增长需要的额外资本"比例——越低越好
- 判停:如果利润增长需要等比例的资本投入 → 可能没有经济商誉
3. 检验耐久性
- 完成标准:回答"这个护城河10年后还在吗?"并给出理由
B — 边界
- 护城河不是永久的——技术变革可以摧毁最深的护城河(柯达、诺基亚)
- 经济商誉难以量化——不能精确计算出"护城河值多少"
- 作者盲点:巴菲特低估了科技行业护城河(平台效应/网络效应)——Apple后期投资证明护城河分析需要与时俱进
---
相关 skills (阶段 3 填充)
- depends-on: circle-of-competence
- composes-with: aesop-three-questions, business-picker
审计信息
- 验证通过: V1 ✓ / V2 ✓ / V3 ✓
- 蒸馏时间: 2026-04-16
{
"skill": "economic-moat",
"version": "0.1.0",
"source_book": "《巴菲特致股东的信》 — 沃伦·巴菲特",
"darwin_compatible": true,
"test_cases": [
{
"id": "should-trigger-01",
"type": "should_trigger",
"prompt": "为什么茅台能一直提价别人不行",
"expected_behavior": "应激活 economic-moat,分析品牌溢价和定价权作为护城河",
"notes": "定价权是护城河的典型表现"
},
{
"id": "should-trigger-02",
"type": "should_trigger",
"prompt": "这家软件公司客户留存率很高,算不算护城河",
"expected_behavior": "应激活 economic-moat,分析切换成本作为护城河来源",
"notes": "切换成本型护城河"
},
{
"id": "should-trigger-03",
"type": "should_trigger",
"prompt": "这个品牌到底值多少钱,为什么能持续赚钱",
"expected_behavior": "应激活 economic-moat,分析经济商誉如何以极少资本创造利润增长",
"notes": "经济商誉估值"
},
{
"id": "should-not-trigger-01",
"type": "should_not_trigger",
"prompt": "帮我看看这个股票的PE是多少",
"expected_behavior": "不应激活本skill,这是估值指标查询",
"notes": "诱饵:估值倍数≠竞争力分析"
},
{
"id": "should-not-trigger-02",
"type": "should_not_trigger",
"prompt": "市场情绪怎么样,要不要加仓",
"expected_behavior": "不应激活本skill,这是市场情绪和交易决策",
"notes": "诱饵:情绪判断≠竞争分析"
},
{
"id": "edge-01",
"type": "edge_case",
"prompt": "护城河很深但行业在萎缩",
"expected_behavior": "应指出护城河不能抵抗行业衰退——护城河保护的是市场份额,但不能扩大萎缩的市场",
"notes": "边界:护城河的局限性"
}
],
"minimum_pass_rate": 0.8
}
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