Securing Github Actions Workflows

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Agent for securing GitHub Actions workflows.

Audits GitHub Actions workflow files for security issues including
unpinned actions, excessive permissions, script injection risks,
dangerous triggers, and missing secret protections.
"""

import json
import re
import sys
from pathlib import Path
from datetime import datetime

try:
    import yaml
except ImportError:
    yaml = None


class GitHubActionsSecurityAgent:
    """Audits GitHub Actions workflows for security vulnerabilities."""

    def __init__(self, repo_path=".", output_dir="./gha_audit"):
        self.repo_path = Path(repo_path)
        self.output_dir = Path(output_dir)
        self.output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        self.findings = []

    def _load_workflow(self, path):
        if yaml:
            with open(path) as f:
                return yaml.safe_load(f)
        with open(path) as f:
            return {"raw": f.read()}

    def find_workflows(self):
        """Discover all workflow files in the repository."""
        wf_dir = self.repo_path / ".github" / "workflows"
        if not wf_dir.exists():
            return []
        return sorted(wf_dir.glob("*.yml")) + sorted(wf_dir.glob("*.yaml"))

    def check_sha_pinning(self, workflow_path, content):
        """Check if actions are pinned to SHA digests."""
        unpinned = []
        raw = content.get("raw", "") if "raw" in content else ""
        if not raw:
            try:
                raw = Path(workflow_path).read_text()
            except Exception:
                return unpinned

        for line_num, line in enumerate(raw.splitlines(), 1):
            m = re.search(r'uses:\s+([^@\s]+)@([^\s#]+)', line)
            if m:
                action, ref = m.group(1), m.group(2)
                if not re.match(r'^[a-f0-9]{40}$', ref):
                    unpinned.append({
                        "action": action,
                        "ref": ref,
                        "line": line_num,
                        "file": str(workflow_path),
                    })
                    self.findings.append({
                        "severity": "medium",
                        "type": "Unpinned Action",
                        "detail": f"{action}@{ref} at line {line_num}",
                        "file": str(workflow_path),
                    })
        return unpinned

    def check_permissions(self, workflow_path, content):
        """Check for overly permissive GITHUB_TOKEN permissions."""
        issues = []
        if not isinstance(content, dict) or "raw" in content:
            return issues

        top_perms = content.get("permissions")
        if top_perms is None:
            issues.append({
                "issue": "No top-level permissions defined (inherits defaults)",
                "file": str(workflow_path),
            })
            self.findings.append({
                "severity": "medium",
                "type": "Missing Permissions",
                "detail": "Workflow has no permissions block",
                "file": str(workflow_path),
            })

        if top_perms == "write-all" or (isinstance(top_perms, dict) and
                top_perms.get("contents") == "write" and
                top_perms.get("actions") == "write"):
            issues.append({"issue": "Overly permissive write-all", "file": str(workflow_path)})
            self.findings.append({
                "severity": "high",
                "type": "Excessive Permissions",
                "detail": "write-all permissions granted",
                "file": str(workflow_path),
            })

        return issues

    def check_script_injection(self, workflow_path, content):
        """Check for user-controlled input in run steps (script injection)."""
        injections = []
        raw = content.get("raw", "") if "raw" in content else ""
        if not raw:
            try:
                raw = Path(workflow_path).read_text()
            except Exception:
                return injections

        dangerous_contexts = [
            "github.event.pull_request.title",
            "github.event.pull_request.body",
            "github.event.issue.title",
            "github.event.issue.body",
            "github.event.comment.body",
            "github.event.review.body",
            "github.head_ref",
        ]

        in_run = False
        for line_num, line in enumerate(raw.splitlines(), 1):
            stripped = line.strip()
            if stripped.startswith("run:") or stripped.startswith("run: |"):
                in_run = True
            elif in_run and not stripped.startswith("-") and not stripped.startswith("#"):
                for ctx in dangerous_contexts:
                    if f"${{{{ {ctx}" in line or f"${{{{{ctx}" in line:
                        injections.append({
                            "context": ctx,
                            "line": line_num,
                            "file": str(workflow_path),
                        })
                        self.findings.append({
                            "severity": "high",
                            "type": "Script Injection",
                            "detail": f"{ctx} in run step at line {line_num}",
                            "file": str(workflow_path),
                        })
            if stripped and not stripped.startswith("-") and not stripped.startswith("#") and ":" in stripped and not stripped.startswith("run"):
                in_run = False

        return injections

    def check_dangerous_triggers(self, workflow_path, content):
        """Check for dangerous event triggers."""
        issues = []
        if not isinstance(content, dict) or "raw" in content:
            raw = content.get("raw", "")
            if "pull_request_target" in raw:
                issues.append({"trigger": "pull_request_target", "file": str(workflow_path)})
                self.findings.append({
                    "severity": "high",
                    "type": "Dangerous Trigger",
                    "detail": "pull_request_target allows fork code to run with base permissions",
                    "file": str(workflow_path),
                })
            return issues

        on_block = content.get("on", content.get(True, {}))
        if isinstance(on_block, dict) and "pull_request_target" in on_block:
            issues.append({"trigger": "pull_request_target", "file": str(workflow_path)})
            self.findings.append({
                "severity": "high",
                "type": "Dangerous Trigger",
                "detail": "pull_request_target trigger used",
                "file": str(workflow_path),
            })
        return issues

    def audit_all(self):
        """Run all security checks on all workflow files."""
        workflows = self.find_workflows()
        results = []
        for wf in workflows:
            content = self._load_workflow(wf)
            unpinned = self.check_sha_pinning(wf, content)
            perms = self.check_permissions(wf, content)
            injections = self.check_script_injection(wf, content)
            triggers = self.check_dangerous_triggers(wf, content)
            results.append({
                "workflow": str(wf),
                "unpinned_actions": len(unpinned),
                "permission_issues": len(perms),
                "script_injections": len(injections),
                "dangerous_triggers": len(triggers),
            })
        return results

    def generate_report(self):
        audit = self.audit_all()
        report = {
            "report_date": datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
            "repository": str(self.repo_path),
            "workflows_scanned": len(audit),
            "audit_summary": audit,
            "findings": self.findings,
            "total_findings": len(self.findings),
        }
        out = self.output_dir / "gha_security_report.json"
        with open(out, "w") as f:
            json.dump(report, f, indent=2)
        print(json.dumps(report, indent=2))
        return report


def main():
    repo = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else "."
    agent = GitHubActionsSecurityAgent(repo)
    agent.generate_report()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
GitHub Actions Workflow Security Audit Script

Analyzes workflow files for security issues including unpinned actions,
excessive permissions, script injection risks, and insecure patterns.

Usage:
    python process.py --workflows-dir .github/workflows/ --output audit-report.json
"""

import argparse
import json
import os
import re
import sys
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from pathlib import Path

import yaml


@dataclass
class SecurityFinding:
    file: str
    line: int
    check: str
    severity: str
    message: str
    remediation: str


SHA_PATTERN = re.compile(r"@[0-9a-f]{40}")
TAG_PATTERN = re.compile(r"@v?\d+(\.\d+)*$")
INJECTION_PATTERN = re.compile(r"\$\{\{\s*github\.event\.(issue|pull_request|comment|review)\.\w+")
DANGEROUS_CONTEXTS = [
    "github.event.issue.title",
    "github.event.issue.body",
    "github.event.pull_request.title",
    "github.event.pull_request.body",
    "github.event.comment.body",
    "github.event.review.body",
    "github.head_ref",
]


def load_workflow(filepath: str) -> dict:
    """Load a GitHub Actions workflow YAML file."""
    try:
        with open(filepath, "r") as f:
            return yaml.safe_load(f) or {}
    except (yaml.YAMLError, FileNotFoundError):
        return {}


def check_action_pinning(workflow: dict, filepath: str) -> list:
    """Check if actions are pinned to SHA digests."""
    findings = []
    filename = os.path.basename(filepath)

    for job_name, job in workflow.get("jobs", {}).items():
        for i, step in enumerate(job.get("steps", [])):
            uses = step.get("uses", "")
            if not uses or uses.startswith("./"):
                continue
            if not SHA_PATTERN.search(uses):
                findings.append(SecurityFinding(
                    file=filename, line=0,
                    check="ACTION_PINNING",
                    severity="HIGH",
                    message=f"Job '{job_name}' step {i}: '{uses}' not pinned to SHA digest",
                    remediation=f"Pin to SHA: {uses.split('@')[0]}@<commit-sha>"
                ))
    return findings


def check_permissions(workflow: dict, filepath: str) -> list:
    """Check for overly permissive GITHUB_TOKEN permissions."""
    findings = []
    filename = os.path.basename(filepath)

    top_perms = workflow.get("permissions")
    if top_perms is None:
        findings.append(SecurityFinding(
            file=filename, line=0,
            check="PERMISSIONS",
            severity="MEDIUM",
            message="No top-level permissions defined. Inherits default (may be write-all).",
            remediation="Add 'permissions: {}' at workflow level and grant per-job."
        ))
    elif top_perms == "write-all" or (isinstance(top_perms, dict) and
                                       all(v == "write" for v in top_perms.values())):
        findings.append(SecurityFinding(
            file=filename, line=0,
            check="PERMISSIONS",
            severity="HIGH",
            message="Workflow has write-all permissions.",
            remediation="Restrict to minimum required permissions per job."
        ))
    return findings


def check_script_injection(workflow: dict, filepath: str) -> list:
    """Check for script injection via user-controlled inputs."""
    findings = []
    filename = os.path.basename(filepath)

    for job_name, job in workflow.get("jobs", {}).items():
        for i, step in enumerate(job.get("steps", [])):
            run_cmd = step.get("run", "")
            if not run_cmd:
                continue
            for ctx in DANGEROUS_CONTEXTS:
                if f"${{{{ {ctx}" in run_cmd or f"${{{{{ctx}" in run_cmd:
                    findings.append(SecurityFinding(
                        file=filename, line=0,
                        check="SCRIPT_INJECTION",
                        severity="CRITICAL",
                        message=f"Job '{job_name}' step {i}: '{ctx}' interpolated in run step",
                        remediation="Use env variable: env: VAR: ${{ " + ctx + " }} then ${VAR}"
                    ))
    return findings


def check_pr_target(workflow: dict, filepath: str) -> list:
    """Check for dangerous pull_request_target usage."""
    findings = []
    filename = os.path.basename(filepath)

    triggers = workflow.get("on", {})
    if isinstance(triggers, dict) and "pull_request_target" in triggers:
        for job_name, job in workflow.get("jobs", {}).items():
            for step in job.get("steps", []):
                uses = step.get("uses", "")
                if "checkout" in uses:
                    with_ref = step.get("with", {}).get("ref", "")
                    if "pull_request" in with_ref or "head" in with_ref:
                        findings.append(SecurityFinding(
                            file=filename, line=0,
                            check="PR_TARGET_CHECKOUT",
                            severity="CRITICAL",
                            message=f"Job '{job_name}': pull_request_target with PR code checkout",
                            remediation="Never checkout PR code in pull_request_target workflows."
                        ))
    return findings


def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="GitHub Actions Security Audit")
    parser.add_argument("--workflows-dir", required=True)
    parser.add_argument("--output", default="actions-security-report.json")
    parser.add_argument("--fail-on-findings", action="store_true")
    args = parser.parse_args()

    workflows_dir = os.path.abspath(args.workflows_dir)
    all_findings = []

    workflow_files = list(Path(workflows_dir).glob("*.yml")) + list(Path(workflows_dir).glob("*.yaml"))
    print(f"[*] Auditing {len(workflow_files)} workflow files in {workflows_dir}")

    for wf_path in workflow_files:
        workflow = load_workflow(str(wf_path))
        if not workflow:
            continue

        all_findings.extend(check_action_pinning(workflow, str(wf_path)))
        all_findings.extend(check_permissions(workflow, str(wf_path)))
        all_findings.extend(check_script_injection(workflow, str(wf_path)))
        all_findings.extend(check_pr_target(workflow, str(wf_path)))

    severity_counts = {}
    for f in all_findings:
        severity_counts[f.severity] = severity_counts.get(f.severity, 0) + 1

    report = {
        "metadata": {
            "directory": workflows_dir,
            "date": datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
            "workflows_scanned": len(workflow_files)
        },
        "summary": {
            "total_findings": len(all_findings),
            "severity_counts": severity_counts
        },
        "findings": [
            {"file": f.file, "check": f.check, "severity": f.severity,
             "message": f.message, "remediation": f.remediation}
            for f in sorted(all_findings,
                            key=lambda x: {"CRITICAL": 0, "HIGH": 1, "MEDIUM": 2, "LOW": 3}.get(x.severity, 4))
        ]
    }

    output_path = os.path.abspath(args.output)
    with open(output_path, "w") as f:
        json.dump(report, f, indent=2)
    print(f"[*] Report: {output_path}")

    for f in all_findings:
        print(f"  [{f.severity}] {f.file}: {f.message}")

    passed = len(all_findings) == 0
    print(f"\n[{'PASS' if passed else 'FAIL'}] {len(all_findings)} security findings")

    if args.fail_on_findings and not passed:
        sys.exit(1)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()