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Kotlin Ktor Patterns

  • 1.4k installs
  • 238k repo stars
  • Updated August 5, 2026
  • affaan-m/ecc

This is a copy of kotlin-ktor-patterns by affaan-m - installs and ranking accrue to the original listing.

kotlin-ktor-patterns is a Claude Code skill that applies proven Ktor server, routing DSL, plugin, and testApplication patterns for developers building maintainable Kotlin HTTP APIs and WebSocket backends.

About

kotlin-ktor-patterns is an ECC skill delivering comprehensive Ktor patterns for robust, maintainable HTTP servers built with Kotlin coroutines. It activates when building Ktor servers, configuring plugins (Auth, CORS, ContentNegotiation, StatusPages), implementing REST APIs, setting Koin dependency injection, writing testApplication integration tests, or adding WebSockets. The documented project layout places Application.kt at the entry point with plugins/Routing.kt, Serialization.kt, and related modules under src/main/kotlin. Developers reach for kotlin-ktor-patterns when agent-generated Ktor code drifts from idiomatic routing DSL, kotlinx.serialization setup, or coroutine-safe plugin configuration. It encodes standard structure and testing approaches so REST and WebSocket services stay consistent across modules. Use during Ktor greenfield APIs or refactors where Kotlin backend conventions must be preserved.

  • Standard Ktor project layout with plugins, routes, models, and services directories
  • Routing DSL, plugin configuration for Auth, CORS, ContentNegotiation and StatusPages
  • Koin dependency injection setup and kotlinx.serialization integration
  • WebSockets implementation patterns
  • testApplication-based integration testing examples

Kotlin Ktor Patterns by the numbers

  • 1,365 all-time installs (skills.sh)
  • +82 installs in the week ending Aug 5, 2026 (Skillselion tracking)
  • Data as of Aug 5, 2026 (Skillselion catalog sync)
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Listed on Skillselion
Installs1.4k
repo stars238k
Last updatedAugust 5, 2026
Repositoryaffaan-m/ecc

How do you structure Ktor REST APIs with plugins and tests?

Instantly apply proven, maintainable patterns when creating Ktor-based Kotlin HTTP servers and REST APIs.

Who is it for?

Kotlin backend developers building Ktor HTTP or WebSocket services who want agent output aligned with routing DSL, plugin, and coroutine testing conventions.

Skip if: Spring Boot or non-Ktor JVM frameworks, or frontend-only work without Kotlin server code.

When should I use this skill?

A developer builds Ktor HTTP servers, configures Auth/CORS/ContentNegotiation plugins, implements REST APIs with Koin DI, or writes testApplication WebSocket tests.

What you get

Ktor server modules with routing DSL, plugin configuration, Koin wiring, kotlinx.serialization setup, and testApplication integration tests.

  • Ktor routing modules
  • Plugin configuration files
  • testApplication integration tests

By the numbers

  • Documents 4 core Ktor plugins: Auth, CORS, ContentNegotiation, and StatusPages

Files

SKILL.mdMarkdownGitHub ↗

Ktor サーバーパターン

Kotlin コルーチンで堅牢かつ保守性の高い HTTP サーバーを構築するための包括的な Ktor パターン。

アクティベートするタイミング

  • Ktor HTTP サーバーの構築
  • Ktor プラグインの設定(Auth、CORS、ContentNegotiation、StatusPages)
  • Ktor を使用した REST API の実装
  • Koin を使用した依存性注入の設定
  • testApplication を使用した Ktor インテグレーションテストの作成
  • Ktor での WebSocket の使用

アプリケーション構造

標準的な Ktor プロジェクトレイアウト

src/main/kotlin/
├── com/example/
│   ├── Application.kt           # エントリーポイント、モジュール設定
│   ├── plugins/
│   │   ├── Routing.kt           # ルート定義
│   │   ├── Serialization.kt     # コンテントネゴシエーション設定
│   │   ├── Authentication.kt    # 認証設定
│   │   ├── StatusPages.kt       # エラーハンドリング
│   │   └── CORS.kt              # CORS 設定
│   ├── routes/
│   │   ├── UserRoutes.kt        # /users エンドポイント
│   │   ├── AuthRoutes.kt        # /auth エンドポイント
│   │   └── HealthRoutes.kt      # /health エンドポイント
│   ├── models/
│   │   ├── User.kt              # ドメインモデル
│   │   └── ApiResponse.kt       # レスポンスエンベロープ
│   ├── services/
│   │   ├── UserService.kt       # ビジネスロジック
│   │   └── AuthService.kt       # 認証ロジック
│   ├── repositories/
│   │   ├── UserRepository.kt    # データアクセスインターフェース
│   │   └── ExposedUserRepository.kt
│   └── di/
│       └── AppModule.kt         # Koin モジュール
src/test/kotlin/
├── com/example/
│   ├── routes/
│   │   └── UserRoutesTest.kt
│   └── services/
│       └── UserServiceTest.kt

アプリケーションエントリーポイント

// Application.kt
fun main() {
    embeddedServer(Netty, port = 8080, module = Application::module).start(wait = true)
}

fun Application.module() {
    configureSerialization()
    configureAuthentication()
    configureStatusPages()
    configureCORS()
    configureDI()
    configureRouting()
}

ルーティング DSL

基本ルート

// plugins/Routing.kt
fun Application.configureRouting() {
    routing {
        userRoutes()
        authRoutes()
        healthRoutes()
    }
}

// routes/UserRoutes.kt
fun Route.userRoutes() {
    val userService by inject<UserService>()

    route("/users") {
        get {
            val users = userService.getAll()
            call.respond(users)
        }

        get("/{id}") {
            val id = call.parameters["id"]
                ?: return@get call.respond(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, "Missing id")
            val user = userService.getById(id)
                ?: return@get call.respond(HttpStatusCode.NotFound)
            call.respond(user)
        }

        post {
            val request = call.receive<CreateUserRequest>()
            val user = userService.create(request)
            call.respond(HttpStatusCode.Created, user)
        }

        put("/{id}") {
            val id = call.parameters["id"]
                ?: return@put call.respond(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, "Missing id")
            val request = call.receive<UpdateUserRequest>()
            val user = userService.update(id, request)
                ?: return@put call.respond(HttpStatusCode.NotFound)
            call.respond(user)
        }

        delete("/{id}") {
            val id = call.parameters["id"]
                ?: return@delete call.respond(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, "Missing id")
            val deleted = userService.delete(id)
            if (deleted) call.respond(HttpStatusCode.NoContent)
            else call.respond(HttpStatusCode.NotFound)
        }
    }
}

認証ルートを使用したルート整理

fun Route.userRoutes() {
    route("/users") {
        // パブリックルート
        get { /* ユーザー一覧 */ }
        get("/{id}") { /* ユーザー取得 */ }

        // 保護されたルート
        authenticate("jwt") {
            post { /* ユーザー作成 - 認証が必要 */ }
            put("/{id}") { /* ユーザー更新 - 認証が必要 */ }
            delete("/{id}") { /* ユーザー削除 - 認証が必要 */ }
        }
    }
}

コンテントネゴシエーションとシリアライゼーション

kotlinx.serialization セットアップ

// plugins/Serialization.kt
fun Application.configureSerialization() {
    install(ContentNegotiation) {
        json(Json {
            prettyPrint = true
            isLenient = false
            ignoreUnknownKeys = true
            encodeDefaults = true
            explicitNulls = false
        })
    }
}

シリアライズ可能なモデル

@Serializable
data class UserResponse(
    val id: String,
    val name: String,
    val email: String,
    val role: Role,
    @Serializable(with = InstantSerializer::class)
    val createdAt: Instant,
)

@Serializable
data class CreateUserRequest(
    val name: String,
    val email: String,
    val role: Role = Role.USER,
)

@Serializable
data class ApiResponse<T>(
    val success: Boolean,
    val data: T? = null,
    val error: String? = null,
) {
    companion object {
        fun <T> ok(data: T): ApiResponse<T> = ApiResponse(success = true, data = data)
        fun <T> error(message: String): ApiResponse<T> = ApiResponse(success = false, error = message)
    }
}

@Serializable
data class PaginatedResponse<T>(
    val data: List<T>,
    val total: Long,
    val page: Int,
    val limit: Int,
)

カスタムシリアライザー

object InstantSerializer : KSerializer<Instant> {
    override val descriptor = PrimitiveSerialDescriptor("Instant", PrimitiveKind.STRING)
    override fun serialize(encoder: Encoder, value: Instant) =
        encoder.encodeString(value.toString())
    override fun deserialize(decoder: Decoder): Instant =
        Instant.parse(decoder.decodeString())
}

認証

JWT 認証

// plugins/Authentication.kt
fun Application.configureAuthentication() {
    val jwtSecret = environment.config.property("jwt.secret").getString()
    val jwtIssuer = environment.config.property("jwt.issuer").getString()
    val jwtAudience = environment.config.property("jwt.audience").getString()
    val jwtRealm = environment.config.property("jwt.realm").getString()

    install(Authentication) {
        jwt("jwt") {
            realm = jwtRealm
            verifier(
                JWT.require(Algorithm.HMAC256(jwtSecret))
                    .withAudience(jwtAudience)
                    .withIssuer(jwtIssuer)
                    .build()
            )
            validate { credential ->
                if (credential.payload.audience.contains(jwtAudience)) {
                    JWTPrincipal(credential.payload)
                } else {
                    null
                }
            }
            challenge { _, _ ->
                call.respond(HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized, ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Invalid or expired token"))
            }
        }
    }
}

// JWT からユーザーを取得
fun ApplicationCall.userId(): String =
    principal<JWTPrincipal>()
        ?.payload
        ?.getClaim("userId")
        ?.asString()
        ?: throw AuthenticationException("No userId in token")

認証ルート

fun Route.authRoutes() {
    val authService by inject<AuthService>()

    route("/auth") {
        post("/login") {
            val request = call.receive<LoginRequest>()
            val token = authService.login(request.email, request.password)
                ?: return@post call.respond(
                    HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized,
                    ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Invalid credentials"),
                )
            call.respond(ApiResponse.ok(TokenResponse(token)))
        }

        post("/register") {
            val request = call.receive<RegisterRequest>()
            val user = authService.register(request)
            call.respond(HttpStatusCode.Created, ApiResponse.ok(user))
        }

        authenticate("jwt") {
            get("/me") {
                val userId = call.userId()
                val user = authService.getProfile(userId)
                call.respond(ApiResponse.ok(user))
            }
        }
    }
}

StatusPages(エラーハンドリング)

// plugins/StatusPages.kt
fun Application.configureStatusPages() {
    install(StatusPages) {
        exception<ContentTransformationException> { call, cause ->
            call.respond(
                HttpStatusCode.BadRequest,
                ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Invalid request body: ${cause.message}"),
            )
        }

        exception<IllegalArgumentException> { call, cause ->
            call.respond(
                HttpStatusCode.BadRequest,
                ApiResponse.error<Unit>(cause.message ?: "Bad request"),
            )
        }

        exception<AuthenticationException> { call, _ ->
            call.respond(
                HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized,
                ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Authentication required"),
            )
        }

        exception<AuthorizationException> { call, _ ->
            call.respond(
                HttpStatusCode.Forbidden,
                ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Access denied"),
            )
        }

        exception<NotFoundException> { call, cause ->
            call.respond(
                HttpStatusCode.NotFound,
                ApiResponse.error<Unit>(cause.message ?: "Resource not found"),
            )
        }

        exception<Throwable> { call, cause ->
            call.application.log.error("Unhandled exception", cause)
            call.respond(
                HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError,
                ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Internal server error"),
            )
        }

        status(HttpStatusCode.NotFound) { call, status ->
            call.respond(status, ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Route not found"))
        }
    }
}

CORS 設定

// plugins/CORS.kt
fun Application.configureCORS() {
    install(CORS) {
        allowHost("localhost:3000")
        allowHost("example.com", schemes = listOf("https"))
        allowHeader(HttpHeaders.ContentType)
        allowHeader(HttpHeaders.Authorization)
        allowMethod(HttpMethod.Put)
        allowMethod(HttpMethod.Delete)
        allowMethod(HttpMethod.Patch)
        allowCredentials = true
        maxAgeInSeconds = 3600
    }
}

Koin 依存性注入

モジュール定義

// di/AppModule.kt
val appModule = module {
    // データベース
    single<Database> { DatabaseFactory.create(get()) }

    // リポジトリ
    single<UserRepository> { ExposedUserRepository(get()) }
    single<OrderRepository> { ExposedOrderRepository(get()) }

    // サービス
    single { UserService(get()) }
    single { OrderService(get(), get()) }
    single { AuthService(get(), get()) }
}

// アプリケーションセットアップ
fun Application.configureDI() {
    install(Koin) {
        modules(appModule)
    }
}

ルートでの Koin の使用

fun Route.userRoutes() {
    val userService by inject<UserService>()

    route("/users") {
        get {
            val users = userService.getAll()
            call.respond(ApiResponse.ok(users))
        }
    }
}

テスト用の Koin

class UserServiceTest : FunSpec(), KoinTest {
    override fun extensions() = listOf(KoinExtension(testModule))

    private val testModule = module {
        single<UserRepository> { mockk() }
        single { UserService(get()) }
    }

    private val repository by inject<UserRepository>()
    private val service by inject<UserService>()

    init {
        test("getUser returns user") {
            coEvery { repository.findById("1") } returns testUser
            service.getById("1") shouldBe testUser
        }
    }
}

リクエストバリデーション

// ルートでリクエストデータを検証
fun Route.userRoutes() {
    val userService by inject<UserService>()

    post("/users") {
        val request = call.receive<CreateUserRequest>()

        // バリデーション
        require(request.name.isNotBlank()) { "Name is required" }
        require(request.name.length <= 100) { "Name must be 100 characters or less" }
        require(request.email.matches(Regex(".+@.+\\..+"))) { "Invalid email format" }

        val user = userService.create(request)
        call.respond(HttpStatusCode.Created, ApiResponse.ok(user))
    }
}

// またはバリデーション拡張を使用
fun CreateUserRequest.validate() {
    require(name.isNotBlank()) { "Name is required" }
    require(name.length <= 100) { "Name must be 100 characters or less" }
    require(email.matches(Regex(".+@.+\\..+"))) { "Invalid email format" }
}

WebSocket

fun Application.configureWebSockets() {
    install(WebSockets) {
        pingPeriod = 15.seconds
        timeout = 15.seconds
        maxFrameSize = 64 * 1024 // 64 KiB — プロトコルがより大きなフレームを必要とする場合のみ増加
        masking = false // RFC 6455 に従い、サーバーからクライアントへのフレームはマスクなし。クライアントからサーバーは Ktor が常にマスク
    }
}

fun Route.chatRoutes() {
    val connections = Collections.synchronizedSet<Connection>(LinkedHashSet())

    webSocket("/chat") {
        val thisConnection = Connection(this)
        connections += thisConnection

        try {
            send("Connected! Users online: ${connections.size}")

            for (frame in incoming) {
                frame as? Frame.Text ?: continue
                val text = frame.readText()
                val message = ChatMessage(thisConnection.name, text)

                // ConcurrentModificationException を避けるためにロック下でスナップショットを作成
                val snapshot = synchronized(connections) { connections.toList() }
                snapshot.forEach { conn ->
                    conn.session.send(Json.encodeToString(message))
                }
            }
        } catch (e: Exception) {
            logger.error("WebSocket error", e)
        } finally {
            connections -= thisConnection
        }
    }
}

data class Connection(val session: DefaultWebSocketSession) {
    val name: String = "User-${counter.getAndIncrement()}"

    companion object {
        private val counter = AtomicInteger(0)
    }
}

testApplication テスト

基本的なルートテスト

class UserRoutesTest : FunSpec({
    test("GET /users returns list of users") {
        testApplication {
            application {
                install(Koin) { modules(testModule) }
                configureSerialization()
                configureRouting()
            }

            val response = client.get("/users")

            response.status shouldBe HttpStatusCode.OK
            val body = response.body<ApiResponse<List<UserResponse>>>()
            body.success shouldBe true
            body.data.shouldNotBeNull().shouldNotBeEmpty()
        }
    }

    test("POST /users creates a user") {
        testApplication {
            application {
                install(Koin) { modules(testModule) }
                configureSerialization()
                configureStatusPages()
                configureRouting()
            }

            val client = createClient {
                install(io.ktor.client.plugins.contentnegotiation.ContentNegotiation) {
                    json()
                }
            }

            val response = client.post("/users") {
                contentType(ContentType.Application.Json)
                setBody(CreateUserRequest("Alice", "alice@example.com"))
            }

            response.status shouldBe HttpStatusCode.Created
        }
    }

    test("GET /users/{id} returns 404 for unknown id") {
        testApplication {
            application {
                install(Koin) { modules(testModule) }
                configureSerialization()
                configureStatusPages()
                configureRouting()
            }

            val response = client.get("/users/unknown-id")

            response.status shouldBe HttpStatusCode.NotFound
        }
    }
})

認証ルートのテスト

class AuthenticatedRoutesTest : FunSpec({
    test("protected route requires JWT") {
        testApplication {
            application {
                install(Koin) { modules(testModule) }
                configureSerialization()
                configureAuthentication()
                configureRouting()
            }

            val response = client.post("/users") {
                contentType(ContentType.Application.Json)
                setBody(CreateUserRequest("Alice", "alice@example.com"))
            }

            response.status shouldBe HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized
        }
    }

    test("protected route succeeds with valid JWT") {
        testApplication {
            application {
                install(Koin) { modules(testModule) }
                configureSerialization()
                configureAuthentication()
                configureRouting()
            }

            val token = generateTestJWT(userId = "test-user")

            val client = createClient {
                install(io.ktor.client.plugins.contentnegotiation.ContentNegotiation) { json() }
            }

            val response = client.post("/users") {
                contentType(ContentType.Application.Json)
                bearerAuth(token)
                setBody(CreateUserRequest("Alice", "alice@example.com"))
            }

            response.status shouldBe HttpStatusCode.Created
        }
    }
})

設定

application.yaml

ktor:
  application:
    modules:
      - com.example.ApplicationKt.module
  deployment:
    port: 8080

jwt:
  secret: ${JWT_SECRET}
  issuer: "https://example.com"
  audience: "https://example.com/api"
  realm: "example"

database:
  url: ${DATABASE_URL}
  driver: "org.postgresql.Driver"
  maxPoolSize: 10

設定の読み取り

fun Application.configureDI() {
    val dbUrl = environment.config.property("database.url").getString()
    val dbDriver = environment.config.property("database.driver").getString()
    val maxPoolSize = environment.config.property("database.maxPoolSize").getString().toInt()

    install(Koin) {
        modules(module {
            single { DatabaseConfig(dbUrl, dbDriver, maxPoolSize) }
            single { DatabaseFactory.create(get()) }
        })
    }
}

クイックリファレンス: Ktor パターン

パターン説明
route("/path") { get { } }DSL を使用したルートグループ化
call.receive<T>()リクエストボディのデシリアライズ
call.respond(status, body)ステータス付きレスポンスの送信
call.parameters["id"]パスパラメーターの読み取り
call.request.queryParameters["q"]クエリパラメーターの読み取り
install(Plugin) { }プラグインのインストールと設定
authenticate("name") { }認証でルートを保護
by inject<T>()Koin 依存性注入
testApplication { }インテグレーションテスト

覚えておくこと: Ktor は Kotlin コルーチンと DSL を中心に設計されています。ルートをシンプルに保ち、ロジックはサービスに移し、依存性注入には Koin を使用してください。完全なインテグレーションカバレッジのために testApplication でテストしてください。

Related skills

FAQ

Which Ktor plugins does kotlin-ktor-patterns cover?

kotlin-ktor-patterns covers Auth, CORS, ContentNegotiation, and StatusPages plugin setup alongside routing DSL and serialization configuration. It maps these into a standard src/main/kotlin layout with Application.kt and dedicated plugins modules.

How does kotlin-ktor-patterns handle Ktor testing?

kotlin-ktor-patterns documents testApplication integration tests for Ktor routes and WebSocket endpoints. It pairs testing guidance with Koin dependency injection and kotlinx.serialization so coroutine-based servers stay verifiable before deployment.

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