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Kotlin Ktor Patterns

  • 5k installs
  • 234k repo stars
  • Updated July 27, 2026
  • affaan-m/everything-claude-code

kotlin-ktor-patterns provides Ktor server patterns for routing, plugins, JWT auth, Koin DI, WebSockets, and testApplication tests.

About

kotlin-ktor-patterns catalogs production layouts and plugin recipes for Kotlin coroutine Ktor HTTP servers. A standard project splits Application.kt module wiring from plugins for Routing, Serialization, Authentication, StatusPages, and CORS, with routes, models, services, repositories, and Koin DI under com.example. Routing DSL examples implement REST userRoutes using call.receive and call.respond, JWT-protected authenticate blocks, and authRoutes for login, register, and me endpoints. Serialization installs ContentNegotiation with kotlinx.serialization Json settings, ApiResponse envelopes, PaginatedResponse, and a custom InstantSerializer. Authentication configures JWT verifier, audience checks, realm, and Unauthorized challenges. StatusPages maps ContentTransformationException, AuthenticationException, and NotFoundException to typed ApiResponse errors. Koin modules wire repositories and services with inject in routes plus FunSpec KoinTest units. WebSocket chatRoutes snapshot connections under lock to avoid ConcurrentModificationException. testApplication tests cover unauthenticated POST rejection and bearerAuth success. Invoke when building Ktor REST APIs, configuring plugins,.

  • Standard Ktor layout with plugins, routes, services, and Koin DI
  • JWT Authentication plugin with protected authenticate routes
  • kotlinx.serialization ContentNegotiation and ApiResponse models
  • StatusPages maps exceptions to HTTP status envelopes
  • testApplication integration tests with bearerAuth JWT flows

Kotlin Ktor Patterns by the numbers

  • 5,015 all-time installs (skills.sh)
  • +280 installs in the week ending Jul 28, 2026 (Skillselion tracking)
  • Ranked #3 of 89 Java & JVM skills by installs in the Skillselion catalog
  • Security screen: LOW risk (skills.sh audit)
  • Data as of Jul 28, 2026 (Skillselion catalog sync)
At a glance

kotlin-ktor-patterns capabilities & compatibility

Capabilities
configure routing dsl route groups · install jwt authentication and authroutes · set up kotlinx.serialization contentnegotiation · wire koin di modules and inject services · write testapplication route and auth tests
Use cases
api development · testing
Runs
Runs locally
From the docs

What kotlin-ktor-patterns says it does

Ktor HTTP サーバーの構築
SKILL.md
Ktor は Kotlin コルーチンと DSL を中心に設計されています。ルートをシンプルに保ち、ロジックはサービスに移し、依存性注入には Koin を使用してください。
SKILL.md
完全なインテグレーションカバレッジのために `testApplication` でテストしてください。
SKILL.md
npx skills add https://github.com/affaan-m/everything-claude-code --skill kotlin-ktor-patterns

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Listed on Skillselion
Installs5k
repo stars234k
Security audit3 / 3 scanners passed
Last updatedJuly 27, 2026
Repositoryaffaan-m/everything-claude-code

How do I structure a maintainable Ktor HTTP server with auth, serialization, and integration tests?

Structure Ktor HTTP servers with routing DSL, plugins, JWT auth, Koin DI, WebSockets, and testApplication integration tests.

Who is it for?

Developers implementing Ktor REST APIs, WebSocket endpoints, or Kotlin backend services.

Skip if: Non-JVM stacks or frontend-only work without a Ktor server.

When should I use this skill?

User builds Ktor HTTP servers, configures Auth or CORS plugins, sets up Koin DI, or writes testApplication tests.

What you get

Ktor module with configured plugins, typed routes, JWT auth, Koin wiring, and passing testApplication coverage.

  • Ktor server structure
  • Plugin configurations
  • testApplication test suites

Files

SKILL.mdMarkdownGitHub ↗

Ktor サーバーパターン

Kotlin コルーチンで堅牢かつ保守性の高い HTTP サーバーを構築するための包括的な Ktor パターン。

アクティベートするタイミング

  • Ktor HTTP サーバーの構築
  • Ktor プラグインの設定(Auth、CORS、ContentNegotiation、StatusPages)
  • Ktor を使用した REST API の実装
  • Koin を使用した依存性注入の設定
  • testApplication を使用した Ktor インテグレーションテストの作成
  • Ktor での WebSocket の使用

アプリケーション構造

標準的な Ktor プロジェクトレイアウト

src/main/kotlin/
├── com/example/
│   ├── Application.kt           # エントリーポイント、モジュール設定
│   ├── plugins/
│   │   ├── Routing.kt           # ルート定義
│   │   ├── Serialization.kt     # コンテントネゴシエーション設定
│   │   ├── Authentication.kt    # 認証設定
│   │   ├── StatusPages.kt       # エラーハンドリング
│   │   └── CORS.kt              # CORS 設定
│   ├── routes/
│   │   ├── UserRoutes.kt        # /users エンドポイント
│   │   ├── AuthRoutes.kt        # /auth エンドポイント
│   │   └── HealthRoutes.kt      # /health エンドポイント
│   ├── models/
│   │   ├── User.kt              # ドメインモデル
│   │   └── ApiResponse.kt       # レスポンスエンベロープ
│   ├── services/
│   │   ├── UserService.kt       # ビジネスロジック
│   │   └── AuthService.kt       # 認証ロジック
│   ├── repositories/
│   │   ├── UserRepository.kt    # データアクセスインターフェース
│   │   └── ExposedUserRepository.kt
│   └── di/
│       └── AppModule.kt         # Koin モジュール
src/test/kotlin/
├── com/example/
│   ├── routes/
│   │   └── UserRoutesTest.kt
│   └── services/
│       └── UserServiceTest.kt

アプリケーションエントリーポイント

// Application.kt
fun main() {
    embeddedServer(Netty, port = 8080, module = Application::module).start(wait = true)
}

fun Application.module() {
    configureSerialization()
    configureAuthentication()
    configureStatusPages()
    configureCORS()
    configureDI()
    configureRouting()
}

ルーティング DSL

基本ルート

// plugins/Routing.kt
fun Application.configureRouting() {
    routing {
        userRoutes()
        authRoutes()
        healthRoutes()
    }
}

// routes/UserRoutes.kt
fun Route.userRoutes() {
    val userService by inject<UserService>()

    route("/users") {
        get {
            val users = userService.getAll()
            call.respond(users)
        }

        get("/{id}") {
            val id = call.parameters["id"]
                ?: return@get call.respond(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, "Missing id")
            val user = userService.getById(id)
                ?: return@get call.respond(HttpStatusCode.NotFound)
            call.respond(user)
        }

        post {
            val request = call.receive<CreateUserRequest>()
            val user = userService.create(request)
            call.respond(HttpStatusCode.Created, user)
        }

        put("/{id}") {
            val id = call.parameters["id"]
                ?: return@put call.respond(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, "Missing id")
            val request = call.receive<UpdateUserRequest>()
            val user = userService.update(id, request)
                ?: return@put call.respond(HttpStatusCode.NotFound)
            call.respond(user)
        }

        delete("/{id}") {
            val id = call.parameters["id"]
                ?: return@delete call.respond(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, "Missing id")
            val deleted = userService.delete(id)
            if (deleted) call.respond(HttpStatusCode.NoContent)
            else call.respond(HttpStatusCode.NotFound)
        }
    }
}

認証ルートを使用したルート整理

fun Route.userRoutes() {
    route("/users") {
        // パブリックルート
        get { /* ユーザー一覧 */ }
        get("/{id}") { /* ユーザー取得 */ }

        // 保護されたルート
        authenticate("jwt") {
            post { /* ユーザー作成 - 認証が必要 */ }
            put("/{id}") { /* ユーザー更新 - 認証が必要 */ }
            delete("/{id}") { /* ユーザー削除 - 認証が必要 */ }
        }
    }
}

コンテントネゴシエーションとシリアライゼーション

kotlinx.serialization セットアップ

// plugins/Serialization.kt
fun Application.configureSerialization() {
    install(ContentNegotiation) {
        json(Json {
            prettyPrint = true
            isLenient = false
            ignoreUnknownKeys = true
            encodeDefaults = true
            explicitNulls = false
        })
    }
}

シリアライズ可能なモデル

@Serializable
data class UserResponse(
    val id: String,
    val name: String,
    val email: String,
    val role: Role,
    @Serializable(with = InstantSerializer::class)
    val createdAt: Instant,
)

@Serializable
data class CreateUserRequest(
    val name: String,
    val email: String,
    val role: Role = Role.USER,
)

@Serializable
data class ApiResponse<T>(
    val success: Boolean,
    val data: T? = null,
    val error: String? = null,
) {
    companion object {
        fun <T> ok(data: T): ApiResponse<T> = ApiResponse(success = true, data = data)
        fun <T> error(message: String): ApiResponse<T> = ApiResponse(success = false, error = message)
    }
}

@Serializable
data class PaginatedResponse<T>(
    val data: List<T>,
    val total: Long,
    val page: Int,
    val limit: Int,
)

カスタムシリアライザー

object InstantSerializer : KSerializer<Instant> {
    override val descriptor = PrimitiveSerialDescriptor("Instant", PrimitiveKind.STRING)
    override fun serialize(encoder: Encoder, value: Instant) =
        encoder.encodeString(value.toString())
    override fun deserialize(decoder: Decoder): Instant =
        Instant.parse(decoder.decodeString())
}

認証

JWT 認証

// plugins/Authentication.kt
fun Application.configureAuthentication() {
    val jwtSecret = environment.config.property("jwt.secret").getString()
    val jwtIssuer = environment.config.property("jwt.issuer").getString()
    val jwtAudience = environment.config.property("jwt.audience").getString()
    val jwtRealm = environment.config.property("jwt.realm").getString()

    install(Authentication) {
        jwt("jwt") {
            realm = jwtRealm
            verifier(
                JWT.require(Algorithm.HMAC256(jwtSecret))
                    .withAudience(jwtAudience)
                    .withIssuer(jwtIssuer)
                    .build()
            )
            validate { credential ->
                if (credential.payload.audience.contains(jwtAudience)) {
                    JWTPrincipal(credential.payload)
                } else {
                    null
                }
            }
            challenge { _, _ ->
                call.respond(HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized, ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Invalid or expired token"))
            }
        }
    }
}

// JWT からユーザーを取得
fun ApplicationCall.userId(): String =
    principal<JWTPrincipal>()
        ?.payload
        ?.getClaim("userId")
        ?.asString()
        ?: throw AuthenticationException("No userId in token")

認証ルート

fun Route.authRoutes() {
    val authService by inject<AuthService>()

    route("/auth") {
        post("/login") {
            val request = call.receive<LoginRequest>()
            val token = authService.login(request.email, request.password)
                ?: return@post call.respond(
                    HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized,
                    ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Invalid credentials"),
                )
            call.respond(ApiResponse.ok(TokenResponse(token)))
        }

        post("/register") {
            val request = call.receive<RegisterRequest>()
            val user = authService.register(request)
            call.respond(HttpStatusCode.Created, ApiResponse.ok(user))
        }

        authenticate("jwt") {
            get("/me") {
                val userId = call.userId()
                val user = authService.getProfile(userId)
                call.respond(ApiResponse.ok(user))
            }
        }
    }
}

StatusPages(エラーハンドリング)

// plugins/StatusPages.kt
fun Application.configureStatusPages() {
    install(StatusPages) {
        exception<ContentTransformationException> { call, cause ->
            call.respond(
                HttpStatusCode.BadRequest,
                ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Invalid request body: ${cause.message}"),
            )
        }

        exception<IllegalArgumentException> { call, cause ->
            call.respond(
                HttpStatusCode.BadRequest,
                ApiResponse.error<Unit>(cause.message ?: "Bad request"),
            )
        }

        exception<AuthenticationException> { call, _ ->
            call.respond(
                HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized,
                ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Authentication required"),
            )
        }

        exception<AuthorizationException> { call, _ ->
            call.respond(
                HttpStatusCode.Forbidden,
                ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Access denied"),
            )
        }

        exception<NotFoundException> { call, cause ->
            call.respond(
                HttpStatusCode.NotFound,
                ApiResponse.error<Unit>(cause.message ?: "Resource not found"),
            )
        }

        exception<Throwable> { call, cause ->
            call.application.log.error("Unhandled exception", cause)
            call.respond(
                HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError,
                ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Internal server error"),
            )
        }

        status(HttpStatusCode.NotFound) { call, status ->
            call.respond(status, ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Route not found"))
        }
    }
}

CORS 設定

// plugins/CORS.kt
fun Application.configureCORS() {
    install(CORS) {
        allowHost("localhost:3000")
        allowHost("example.com", schemes = listOf("https"))
        allowHeader(HttpHeaders.ContentType)
        allowHeader(HttpHeaders.Authorization)
        allowMethod(HttpMethod.Put)
        allowMethod(HttpMethod.Delete)
        allowMethod(HttpMethod.Patch)
        allowCredentials = true
        maxAgeInSeconds = 3600
    }
}

Koin 依存性注入

モジュール定義

// di/AppModule.kt
val appModule = module {
    // データベース
    single<Database> { DatabaseFactory.create(get()) }

    // リポジトリ
    single<UserRepository> { ExposedUserRepository(get()) }
    single<OrderRepository> { ExposedOrderRepository(get()) }

    // サービス
    single { UserService(get()) }
    single { OrderService(get(), get()) }
    single { AuthService(get(), get()) }
}

// アプリケーションセットアップ
fun Application.configureDI() {
    install(Koin) {
        modules(appModule)
    }
}

ルートでの Koin の使用

fun Route.userRoutes() {
    val userService by inject<UserService>()

    route("/users") {
        get {
            val users = userService.getAll()
            call.respond(ApiResponse.ok(users))
        }
    }
}

テスト用の Koin

class UserServiceTest : FunSpec(), KoinTest {
    override fun extensions() = listOf(KoinExtension(testModule))

    private val testModule = module {
        single<UserRepository> { mockk() }
        single { UserService(get()) }
    }

    private val repository by inject<UserRepository>()
    private val service by inject<UserService>()

    init {
        test("getUser returns user") {
            coEvery { repository.findById("1") } returns testUser
            service.getById("1") shouldBe testUser
        }
    }
}

リクエストバリデーション

// ルートでリクエストデータを検証
fun Route.userRoutes() {
    val userService by inject<UserService>()

    post("/users") {
        val request = call.receive<CreateUserRequest>()

        // バリデーション
        require(request.name.isNotBlank()) { "Name is required" }
        require(request.name.length <= 100) { "Name must be 100 characters or less" }
        require(request.email.matches(Regex(".+@.+\\..+"))) { "Invalid email format" }

        val user = userService.create(request)
        call.respond(HttpStatusCode.Created, ApiResponse.ok(user))
    }
}

// またはバリデーション拡張を使用
fun CreateUserRequest.validate() {
    require(name.isNotBlank()) { "Name is required" }
    require(name.length <= 100) { "Name must be 100 characters or less" }
    require(email.matches(Regex(".+@.+\\..+"))) { "Invalid email format" }
}

WebSocket

fun Application.configureWebSockets() {
    install(WebSockets) {
        pingPeriod = 15.seconds
        timeout = 15.seconds
        maxFrameSize = 64 * 1024 // 64 KiB — プロトコルがより大きなフレームを必要とする場合のみ増加
        masking = false // RFC 6455 に従い、サーバーからクライアントへのフレームはマスクなし。クライアントからサーバーは Ktor が常にマスク
    }
}

fun Route.chatRoutes() {
    val connections = Collections.synchronizedSet<Connection>(LinkedHashSet())

    webSocket("/chat") {
        val thisConnection = Connection(this)
        connections += thisConnection

        try {
            send("Connected! Users online: ${connections.size}")

            for (frame in incoming) {
                frame as? Frame.Text ?: continue
                val text = frame.readText()
                val message = ChatMessage(thisConnection.name, text)

                // ConcurrentModificationException を避けるためにロック下でスナップショットを作成
                val snapshot = synchronized(connections) { connections.toList() }
                snapshot.forEach { conn ->
                    conn.session.send(Json.encodeToString(message))
                }
            }
        } catch (e: Exception) {
            logger.error("WebSocket error", e)
        } finally {
            connections -= thisConnection
        }
    }
}

data class Connection(val session: DefaultWebSocketSession) {
    val name: String = "User-${counter.getAndIncrement()}"

    companion object {
        private val counter = AtomicInteger(0)
    }
}

testApplication テスト

基本的なルートテスト

class UserRoutesTest : FunSpec({
    test("GET /users returns list of users") {
        testApplication {
            application {
                install(Koin) { modules(testModule) }
                configureSerialization()
                configureRouting()
            }

            val response = client.get("/users")

            response.status shouldBe HttpStatusCode.OK
            val body = response.body<ApiResponse<List<UserResponse>>>()
            body.success shouldBe true
            body.data.shouldNotBeNull().shouldNotBeEmpty()
        }
    }

    test("POST /users creates a user") {
        testApplication {
            application {
                install(Koin) { modules(testModule) }
                configureSerialization()
                configureStatusPages()
                configureRouting()
            }

            val client = createClient {
                install(io.ktor.client.plugins.contentnegotiation.ContentNegotiation) {
                    json()
                }
            }

            val response = client.post("/users") {
                contentType(ContentType.Application.Json)
                setBody(CreateUserRequest("Alice", "alice@example.com"))
            }

            response.status shouldBe HttpStatusCode.Created
        }
    }

    test("GET /users/{id} returns 404 for unknown id") {
        testApplication {
            application {
                install(Koin) { modules(testModule) }
                configureSerialization()
                configureStatusPages()
                configureRouting()
            }

            val response = client.get("/users/unknown-id")

            response.status shouldBe HttpStatusCode.NotFound
        }
    }
})

認証ルートのテスト

class AuthenticatedRoutesTest : FunSpec({
    test("protected route requires JWT") {
        testApplication {
            application {
                install(Koin) { modules(testModule) }
                configureSerialization()
                configureAuthentication()
                configureRouting()
            }

            val response = client.post("/users") {
                contentType(ContentType.Application.Json)
                setBody(CreateUserRequest("Alice", "alice@example.com"))
            }

            response.status shouldBe HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized
        }
    }

    test("protected route succeeds with valid JWT") {
        testApplication {
            application {
                install(Koin) { modules(testModule) }
                configureSerialization()
                configureAuthentication()
                configureRouting()
            }

            val token = generateTestJWT(userId = "test-user")

            val client = createClient {
                install(io.ktor.client.plugins.contentnegotiation.ContentNegotiation) { json() }
            }

            val response = client.post("/users") {
                contentType(ContentType.Application.Json)
                bearerAuth(token)
                setBody(CreateUserRequest("Alice", "alice@example.com"))
            }

            response.status shouldBe HttpStatusCode.Created
        }
    }
})

設定

application.yaml

ktor:
  application:
    modules:
      - com.example.ApplicationKt.module
  deployment:
    port: 8080

jwt:
  secret: ${JWT_SECRET}
  issuer: "https://example.com"
  audience: "https://example.com/api"
  realm: "example"

database:
  url: ${DATABASE_URL}
  driver: "org.postgresql.Driver"
  maxPoolSize: 10

設定の読み取り

fun Application.configureDI() {
    val dbUrl = environment.config.property("database.url").getString()
    val dbDriver = environment.config.property("database.driver").getString()
    val maxPoolSize = environment.config.property("database.maxPoolSize").getString().toInt()

    install(Koin) {
        modules(module {
            single { DatabaseConfig(dbUrl, dbDriver, maxPoolSize) }
            single { DatabaseFactory.create(get()) }
        })
    }
}

クイックリファレンス: Ktor パターン

パターン説明
route("/path") { get { } }DSL を使用したルートグループ化
call.receive<T>()リクエストボディのデシリアライズ
call.respond(status, body)ステータス付きレスポンスの送信
call.parameters["id"]パスパラメーターの読み取り
call.request.queryParameters["q"]クエリパラメーターの読み取り
install(Plugin) { }プラグインのインストールと設定
authenticate("name") { }認証でルートを保護
by inject<T>()Koin 依存性注入
testApplication { }インテグレーションテスト

覚えておくこと: Ktor は Kotlin コルーチンと DSL を中心に設計されています。ルートをシンプルに保ち、ロジックはサービスに移し、依存性注入には Koin を使用してください。完全なインテグレーションカバレッジのために testApplication でテストしてください。

Related skills

Forks & variants (1)

Kotlin Ktor Patterns has 1 known copy in the catalog totaling 1.3k installs. They canonicalize to this original listing.

How it compares

Pick kotlin-ktor-patterns over generic JVM backend skills when the stack is specifically Ktor with coroutines, Koin, and testApplication rather than Spring.

FAQ

When should I activate kotlin-ktor-patterns?

When building Ktor HTTP servers, configuring plugins, implementing REST APIs, setting up Koin DI, or creating testApplication integration tests.

How are protected routes defined?

Wrap routes in authenticate("jwt") blocks after installing the JWT Authentication plugin.

What testing approach does the skill recommend?

Use testApplication with Koin test modules to assert route status codes and bearerAuth JWT flows.

Is Kotlin Ktor Patterns safe to install?

skills.sh reports 3 of 3 security scanners passed. Review the Security Audits panel on this page before installing in production.

Java & JVMbackendtesting

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